Cool Weight Loss images

A few nice weight loss images I found:

Big Rich Texas Botox Party Frisco TX


Image by Oceanview Med Spa

This is licensed under Attribution-ShareAlike Creative Commons. You are free to use this photo – please give attribution to Oceanview Medical Weight Loss Spa of Frisco, TX and link back to www.oceanviewweightlossmedical.com

Big Rich Texas Botox Party Frisco TX


Image by Oceanview Med Spa

This is licensed under Attribution-ShareAlike Creative Commons. You are free to use this photo – please give attribution to Oceanview Medical Weight Loss Spa of Frisco, TX and link back to www.oceanviewweightlossmedical.com

Cool Weight Loss images

Nice Healthy Eating photos

Some cool healthy eating images:

Forum for Healthy Behavior Change 26940


Image by tedeytan

Lisa Schilling, RN, MPH, vice president, Healthcare Performance Improvement and Execution at Kaiser Permanente gives closing remarks during the forum. All photographs by Nicka Smith, Kaiser Permanente Institute for Health Policy

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Weight Loss Tips


Image by McChidi

Do you want to have the body of your dreams, including six pack abs that are sculpted and perfect? Do you look at other people on the beach and envy their good bodies and wish that you had the body to wear the bathing suit you have always wanted? Have you tried starving yourself and exercising, only to find out that you did not achieve any sort of results?While other books gear you towards buying a product or a service, this book actually tells you exactly what you need to do to get the six pack abs of your dreams. Getting a six pack and looking good is easier than ever if you follow the instructions in this book. This book does not just tell you what workout machines to use, but how to think, what to eat, what not to eat and how to exercise to get the six pack abs that you have longed for but never thought that you would get! This guide tells you exactly how to get what you want.

Click the link below to download this ebook free

Download In PDF Format

Weight Loss Trend


Image by brookscl

My weight loss trend and weekly total running distance during July to September 2011.

Weight Loss Machinery


Image by sinosplice

One of the weight loss stations at the clinic.

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Cool Healthy Eating images

A few nice healthy eating images I found:

Mr Butts


Image by sardinista

Nick Fairclough and colleague at the Lambeth Country Show, July 2010.

Broccoli On Canvas


Image by SteveNakatani

Growing Organic Produce is an Art.

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Nice Weight Loss photos

Check out these weight loss images:

Ceylon Cinnamon Sticks 3oz can_16


Image by CINNAMON VOGUE

Ultra-fine Ceylon Cinnamon by www.cinnamonvogue.com . Soft and brittle makes it ideal for grinding into fresh powder used for desserts. Low coumarin Ceylon is much better than the common Cassia Cinnamon. The perfect Cinnamon for making mulled wine. Put a stick in your fine teas. Known as a powerful anti-oxidant. Commonly used by diabetics for blood sugar control. Also used for weight loss and belly fat reduction.

Robert portrait two year anniversary weight loss028.JPG


Image by joeduty

Robert portrait two year anniversary weight loss028.JPG

Robert portrait two year anniversary weight loss022.JPG


Image by joeduty

Robert portrait two year anniversary weight loss022.JPG

Nice Weight Loss photos

Cool Weight Loss images

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Ceylon Cinnamon sticks_9


Image by CINNAMON VOGUE

Ultra-fine Ceylon Cinnamon by <a href="http://www.cinnamonvogue.com" Soft and brittle makes it ideal for grinding into fresh powder used for desserts. Low coumarin Ceylon is much better than the common Cassia Cinnamon. The perfect Cinnamon for making mulled wine. Put a stick in your fine teas. Known as a powerful anti-oxidant. Commonly used by diabetics for blood sugar control. Also used for weight loss and belly fat reduction.

Cinnamon sticks_6


Image by CINNAMON VOGUE

Ultra-fine Ceylon Cinnamon by www.cinnamonvogue.com . Soft and brittle makes it ideal for grinding into fresh powder used for desserts. Low coumarin Ceylon is much better than the common Cassia Cinnamon. The perfect Cinnamon for making mulled wine. Put a stick in your fine teas. Known as a powerful anti-oxidant. Commonly used by diabetics for blood sugar control. Also used for weight loss and belly fat reduction.

Cool Weight Loss images

Cool Healthy Eating images

A few nice healthy eating images I found:

Healthy Red Tomatoes are Wet and Organic


Image by epSos.de

Free picture of healthy red tomatoes that are wet and organic. This tasty photo was created for you by the organic fruit friend epSos.de and it can be used for free, if you link epSos.de as the original author of the image.

Remember the beautiful woman from TV. She used to eat red tomatoes and promised that it was healthy, while the red fruit was fresh and wet. Since that time epSos.de is programmed to like red fruits and vegetables on a warm wooden table.

Those attractive vegetables are tasty food and were grown for free, because the best fruits are always free and self-grown. This beautiful picture is a good reminder for the creative people who love to use the macro mode of their camera . The field of depth in a photo is dependent on the lens of the camera. One must have a very good lens to have professional looking pictures in macro mode.

Remember to eat healthy fruit that will make your health stronger. Put them in salad with tomatoes and other organic vegetable, because the natural and organic[ bio products are green for the planet.

The name a tomato occurs from ital. "pomo d’oro" — gold apple. Aztecs had the present name. Frenchmen altered it in фр. tomate (tomato).

Long time tomatoes were considered inedible and even as the toxicant. Tomato today is one of the most popular cultures thanks to the valuable nutritious and dietary qualities.

Mature fetuses of a tomato are rich of sugar and vitamin C. Fresh tomatoes and tomato juice are useful at cardiovascular diseases because of the big content in them of iron and a potassium.

The tomato has silnorazvity root system of rod type. Stalk at a tomato upright or polegayushchy, ветвящийся, height from 30 cm to 2 m and more. Tomato is a heat loving culture, optimum temperature for body height and development of plants is 22-25 °C.

The tomato badly transfers the increased humidity of air. Plants of a tomato are exacting to light. The tomato especially needs nitrogen in intensive body height of fetuses.

Crops of tomatoes make in hotbeds even in the winter, with such calculation that in a month after the 2nd sword-play it was possible to land them directly in soil.

Fetuses of a tomato use in nutrition fresh, boiled, fried, tinned. There is also a monument in Russia that is called «Glory to the tomato».

Thank you for sharing this picture with your friends !

Cabbage Head


Image by SteveNakatani

Corned Beef and Cabbage tonight!

EPP engagement


Image by sardinista

Expert Patients Programme looks on as leaflets are scooped up.

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A few nice weight loss images I found:

A Banana a Day Keeps the Doctor Away!!!


Image by VinothChandar
Please View In Large

Press L to see in Large & Black

Press F to Fave

Intestinal Health

Green bananas contain compounds called short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which nourish the cell tissue lining of the small intestine, dramatically enhancing the body’s capacity to absorb nutrients.

Colonic Cancer Prevention

According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), SCFAs also have a protective role in preventing cancer of the colon.

Childhood Shigellosis

According to a report in the Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, mature green bananas are effective in reducing the clinical severity of a diarrheal disease called childhood shigellosis.

Diabetics Diet

Green bananas offer diabetics a high-energy, low-calorie source of carbohydrates, which meets the glycemic requirements recommended for their diets.

Weight Loss

Green bananas help boost metabolism, increasing the body’s capacity to burn fat, which is beneficial for overweight individuals. They are also a high-energy food that is beneficial to athletes.

Read more: Green Bananas Health Benefits | eHow.com www.ehow.com/facts_5098018_green-bananas-health-benefits….

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Weight loss


Image by Mundoo

How can these bottles of bubbly represent weight loss? Easy, this is the amount of weight I have lost in the last 9 weeks. I didn’t have anything like blocks of lard that the TV shows tend to use to represent it. Eating steamed vegetables (see pic of what I had for breakfast) for every meal has side benefits.

Subways Are For Sleeping — The Quantity and the Quality of Life (September 13, 2011) …item 2.. Drunk NJ man gets leg severed after taking nap on the subway tracks (20 January 2013) …


Image by marsmet551

According the the Harvard School of Public Health, beginning in the year 2012, 10,000 people a day will start turning 65.We are aging differently than previous generations, however.

Physically and mentally, the health of today’s 70-year-old now equals that of a 65-year-old in the 1970s. In that period, deaths from heart disease and many cancers have dipped.

And while most older adults have at least one chronic health problem, disability has slowly and significantly declined. It is interesting to note, that the United States has been slipping in its longevity ratings compared to other countries. Israel, on the other hand has been climbing.

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……..*****All images are copyrighted by their respective authors ……..

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…..item 1)…. website … Orthodox Union … Shabbat Shalom …

September 13, 2011

The Quantity and the Quality of Life

By Alan Freishtat

www.ou.org/shabbat_shalom/article/the_quantity_and_the_qu…

Long life, Arichus Yomim, has been said as a bracha (blessing) from one Jew to another for thousands of years. We also say L’chaim!, to Life!, as a blessing to each other as we take a drink. Two blessings we give, but very different in their ramifications.

According the the Harvard School of Public Health, beginning in the year 2012, 10,000 people a day will start turning 65.We are aging differently than previous generations, however. Physically and mentally, the health of today’s 70-year-old now equals that of a 65-year-old in the 1970s. In that period, deaths from heart disease and many cancers have dipped. And while most older adults have at least one chronic health problem, disability has slowly and significantly declined. It is interesting to note, that the United States has been slipping in its longevity ratings compared to other countries. Israel, on the other hand has been climbing.

When the numbers are added up more carefully, though, there are obvious differences between men and women and people of different races. A newborn boy born in 2004 or after can expect to live a bit more than 75 years, while his sister can expect to live to slightly more than 80. As you grow older, your average life expectancy stretches. For example, while the life expectancy of a newborn in the United States is nearly 78, a 65-year-old can expect to live 19 years longer, and a 75-year-old for another 12 years. What is just as important as Long Life, is the L’chaim part of it—living life and how to maintain not only longevity but quality of life until 120.

Why did life expectancy increase so much in the 20th century in developed nations? Whether individuals develop a particular disease is usually determined by three things: their lifestyle (including diet and exercise), their environment (such as exposure to infectious microbes or toxins), and their genes. Increased life span surely has nothing to do with genes: our genes today are the same as they were a century ago. Instead, changes in lifestyle and environment are responsible. Changes in the environment—such as better sanitation, the use of antibiotics, and many other improvements in medical care—can claim much of the credit. As for lifestyle, in developed nations, nutritional deficiency diseases largely were eliminated in the last century. Still, not all nutritional changes have been entirely for the better. In the United States, at the turn of the 20th century, most Americans lived on farms or in rural communities. We ate fresh, unprocessed food every day, and we worked hard physically. Today, our diets are less healthful in many ways, and we exercise less. And that leads us to the second blessing—L’chaim!

The doctors can definitely help us live longer with all of the great advancement in medical care and medicines that we have today. But there is so much that we can do that will extend and enhance our lives. And we all understand the value of every second of life. So it is incumbent upon us to take our well

being into our own hands. The Be’er HaGolah at the very end of Choshen Mishpat tells us there is not bigger Hefkerus than not taking care of one’s self and the Rambam in Hilchos Daos 4:1, 14 writes very clearly: "Because for the body to be healthy and wholesome is among the ways of Hashem… therefore a person must distance himself from those things that cause his body damage… And they stated another rule relating to the health of the body: As long as a person engages in physical activity (= exercise) and works hard… no illness will attack him and his strength will increase.”

So what are some practical measures we can take to both extend life and be able to server the Ribono Shel Olam well during that time? Again, Harvard Medical School gives us some practical tips to do to the best of our ability:

1. Don’t smoke.

2. Include physical and mental activities into daily life.

3. Eat a healthy diet rich in whole grains, vegetables, and fruits, and substitute healthier monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats for unhealthy saturated fats and trans fats.

4. Take a daily multivitamin, and be sure to get enough calcium and vitamin D.

5. Maintain a healthy weight and body shape.

6. Challenge your mind.

7. Build a strong social network.

8. Protect your sight, hearing, and general health by following preventive care guidelines.

9. Floss, brush, and see a dentist regularly. Poor oral health may have many repercussions, including poor nutrition, unnecessary pain, and possibly even a higher risk of heart disease and stroke.

10. Discuss with your doctor whether you need any medication—perhaps to control high blood pressure, treat osteoporosis, or lower cholesterol—to help you stay healthy.

Most of your health and longevity is in your hands. Hashem has given us all the tools at our disposal in order to maintain health. Let’s use them. Be active, exercise, eat right, stay positive, manage and reduce stress. Following these tips can “add hours to your day, days to your year and years to your life.”

For more information on programs and events, or content related to health, family, and community please visit: OU Community Services.

ALAN FREISHTAT is an A.C.E. CERTIFIED PERSONAL TRAINER and a LIFESTYLE FITNESS COACH. He and Linda Holtz M.Sc are the Directors of the Jerusalem-based Weight Loss and Stress Management center Lose It! Alan and Linda can be reached on their U.S. Line 516-568-5027 In Israel call 02-651-8502 or 050-555-7175, or by email at alan@loseit.co.il or linda@loseit.co.il

The Lose It! Center for Weight Loss and Stress Management is a fully integrated Weight Loss program which combines a healthy and balanced eating plan, a supervised and professional exercise program and cognitive behavioral therapy to achieve behavior modification. The emphasis of the program is for long term, sustainable weight loss. Lose it! has programs available to assist people with Stress Management, and overcoming Depression and Anxiety Disorders. The program is done both at their Jerusalem offices and throughout the world online and by telephone.

You can see the Lose It! video and gain much information by visiting our website www.loseit.co.il For more information about Lose It!, email us at info@loseit.co.il or call 516-568-5027. In Israel, contact us at 02-654-0728

Subscribe to Shabbat Shalom!

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…..item 2)…. Drunk NJ man gets leg severed after taking nap on the subway tracks … Mail Online … Daily Mail … www.dailymail.co.uk …

… Man, 26, climbed down to sleep under the platform after night of drinking

… His leg cut off by incoming subway train but he is expected to survive

By DAILY MAIL REPORTER

PUBLISHED: 19:53 EST, 20 January 2013 | UPDATED: 19:53 EST, 20 January 2013

www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2265631/Drunk-NJ-man-get…

Police say a 26-year-old New Jersey man had his leg severed when he drunkenly fell asleep next to the tracks under a New York City subway platform and was struck by a train.

The incident happened at the 65th St subway station in Woodside, Queens at about 4:40 am on Sunday.

Authorities say the man from Elizabeth was rushed to Elmhurst Hospital and is expected to survive. His name was not released.

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img code photo … Queens subway station

i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2013/01/21/article-2265631-170F8C…

The Queens subway station where a 26-year-old man had his leg cut off by a train after drunkenly falling asleep under the platform

Wikipedia

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This latest incident comes just days after young man was killed after falling onto the subway tracks while attempting to defecate between train cars on Tuesday afternoon.

The fatality took place at the 125th Street station, which was the scene of another incident involving a man who ended up on the tracks just minutes earlier.

More…

… Beautiful ruin at New York’s heart: Inside Williamsburg’s crumbling sugar factory

… See the transforming New York apartment that fits eight rooms into just 420 square feet

According to New York Police Department spokesperson Paul Browne, a homeless man in his 50s was apparently struck and injured by an uptown No 5 train, leaving him with a broken pelvis and deep lacerations to his buttocks and right leg.

At around 4.10pm, the bloodied victim was seen scrambling onto the platform. According to police, the man was so drunk that he did not remember being on the tracks. He was taken to a hospital in serious but stable condition, CBS2 reported.

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img code photo … Woodside station

i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2013/01/21/article-2265631-170FA4…

The man was rushed from the Woodside station to hospital and is expected to survive

Bing

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‘They told us the brakes weren’t working, but we all knew it was something else,’ Angel Torres, 17, who spent 45 minutes stuck aboard a No 5 train, told the New York Post.

Just 10 minutes later, at around 4.30pm, a 31-year-old man, who is believed to be from the Bronx, was riding aboard a northbound No 6 train on the other side of the platform when he decided to step between two cars to relieve himself.

Browne said the unnamed victim lost his balance, tumbled onto the tracks and was run over by the same train he was on.

Earlier reports claimed that the two men were involved in a fight, but police have since said that the incidents appeared to be unrelated.

This tragedy came after Transport Workers Union Local 100 called on train operators to slow down when pulling into stations.

Last month, two men were killed in the New York City underground after being pushed to their deaths by strangers.

Ki-Suk Han, 58, was shoved off the platform to a horrific death at 49th street station by homeless man, Naeem Davis, 30, on December 3.

Then on December 28, Indian national Sunando Sen, 46, died after being pushed in front of a subway train in Queens by Erica Menendez, a 31-year-old woman who suffered from bipolar disorder.

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Cool Weight Loss images

Ceylon Cinnamon Tea_1

Check out these weight loss images:

Ceylon Cinnamon Tea_1


Image by CINNAMON VOGUE

Ceylon Cinnamon Tea with real Cinnamon Bark Oil. Introduced by www.cinnamonvogue.com. Zero natural or artificial flavors. A powerful anti-oxidant. Often used by diabetics for blood sugar control. Well known for weight loss and belly fat reduction. Use of all natural Cinnamon Bark Oil delivers all the benefits of Ceylon Cinnamon without any loss of efficacy. If you want the real thing don’t use naturally flavored Cinnamon. Use low coumarin Ceylon Cinnamon.

Ceylon Cinnamon Tea Bag_6


Image by CINNAMON VOGUE

Ceylon Cinnamon Tea with real Cinnamon Bark Oil. Introduced by www.cinnamonvogue.com. Zero natural or artificial flavors. A powerful anti-oxidant. Often used by diabetics for blood sugar control. Well known for weight loss and belly fat reduction. Use of all natural Cinnamon Bark Oil delivers all the benefits of Ceylon Cinnamon without any loss of efficacy. If you want the real thing don’t use naturally flavored Cinnamon. Use low coumarin Ceylon Cinnamon.

Ceylon Cinnamon Tea_1

Cool Weight Loss images

A few nice weight loss images I found:

Big Rich Texas Botox Party Frisco TX


Image by Oceanview Med Spa

This is licensed under Attribution-ShareAlike Creative Commons. You are free to use this photo – please give attribution to Oceanview Medical Weight Loss Spa of Frisco, TX and link back to www.oceanviewweightlossmedical.com

Big Rich Texas Botox Party Frisco TX


Image by Oceanview Med Spa

This is licensed under Attribution-ShareAlike Creative Commons. You are free to use this photo – please give attribution to Oceanview Medical Weight Loss Spa of Frisco, TX and link back to www.oceanviewweightlossmedical.com

Big Rich Texas Botox Party Frisco TX


Image by Oceanview Med Spa

This is licensed under Attribution-ShareAlike Creative Commons. You are free to use this photo – please give attribution to Oceanview Medical Weight Loss Spa of Frisco, TX and link back to www.oceanviewweightlossmedical.com

Cool Weight Loss images

Cool Healthy Eating images

Some cool healthy eating images:

Smooth


Image by sardinista

Pedal power creates a smoothie at Lambeth Country Show, July 2010.

Turnip On Canvas


Image by SteveNakatani

Growing Organic Produce is an Art.

Red shoes


Image by sardinista

PPI team at Lambeth Country Show, July 2010.

Cool Healthy Eating images

Big Rich Texas Botox Party Frisco TX

A few nice weight loss images I found:

Big Rich Texas Botox Party Frisco TX


Image by Oceanview Med Spa

This is licensed under Attribution-ShareAlike Creative Commons. You are free to use this photo – please give attribution to Oceanview Medical Weight Loss Spa of Frisco, TX and link back to www.oceanviewweightlossmedical.com

Big Rich Texas Botox Party Frisco TX


Image by Oceanview Med Spa

This is licensed under Attribution-ShareAlike Creative Commons. You are free to use this photo – please give attribution to Oceanview Medical Weight Loss Spa of Frisco, TX and link back to www.oceanviewweightlossmedical.com

Big Rich Texas Botox Party Frisco TX


Image by Oceanview Med Spa

This is licensed under Attribution-ShareAlike Creative Commons. You are free to use this photo – please give attribution to Oceanview Medical Weight Loss Spa of Frisco, TX and link back to www.oceanviewweightlossmedical.com

Big Rich Texas Botox Party Frisco TX

Nice Weight Loss photos

A few nice weight loss images I found:

fat


Image by Healing and Eating
healingandeating.blogspot.com/2013/03/saturated-fat-and-w…

5 Tips For Losing Weight Without Starving Yourself [Infographic]


Image by UrbaneWomenMag

Losing weight doesn’t mean you should cut yourself off food, and starving yourself. That’ll do you more harm than good! Here are 5 super tips that will help you lose weight without feeling hungry or deprived…

Click here for a full-sized version of the infographic: 5 Tips For Losing Weight Without Starving Yourself

Follow us on Facebook for more fat loss tips here: www.facebook.com/urbanewomen

Nice Weight Loss photos

P2150008

Some cool healthy eating images:

P2150008


Image by keepps

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Image by keepps

P2150022


Image by keepps

P2150008

Kiel

A few nice healthy eating images I found:

Kiel


Image by Stephen Burch

Cos Lettuce


Image by tjmwatson

P2150029


Image by keepps

Kiel

Broomweed, Mithi Pathi, Licorice weed, Zhu zai cao, Scoparia dulcis ....Cam Thảo Nam, Cam Thảo đất ....#6

A few nice cell membrane images I found:

Broomweed, Mithi Pathi, Licorice weed, Zhu zai cao, Scoparia dulcis ….Cam Thảo Nam, Cam Thảo đất ….#6


Image by Vietnam Plants & The USA. plants

Close up fruits and details of a stem of Scoparia dulcis.

Chụp hình ngày 15-9-2010 tại thành phố Hồ chí Minh ( Saigon ) , miền Nam Việt Nam.

Taken on September 15, 2012 in Ho chi Minh city, Southern of Vietnam.

Vietnamese named : Cam Thảo Nam, Cam Thảo đất,

Common names : Licorice weed , Zhu zai cao (Chin.),Sweetbroom (Engl.), Broomweed (Engl.), Escobilla amarga (Sp.), Silhigop (Bis.) , Mala-anis (Pamp.) , Saang-kabayo (Tag.), Tachin-karnero (Iv.), Mithi Patti ( Hindu ).

Scientist name : Scoparia dulcis L.

Synonyms :

FamilyScrophulariaceae – Figwort family

Group : Dicot

Duration : Annual – Perennial

Growth Habit : Forb/herb – Subshrub

Kingdom : Plantae – Plants

Subkingdom : Tracheobionta – Vascular plants

Superdivision : Spermatophyta – Seed plants

Division : Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants

Class : Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons

Subclass : Asteridae

Order : Scrophulariales

Genus : Scoparia L. – licorice weed

Species : Scoparia dulcis L. – licorice weed

**** www.uphcm.edu.vn/caythuoc/index.php?q=node/223 : NHẤP VÀO LINK ĐỂ ĐỌC THÊM, RẤT CẢM ƠN.

Phân bố, sinh học và sinh thái:

Gốc ở nhiệt đới Châu Mỹ, được thuần hóa trong tất cả các vùng nhiệt đới của thế giới. Ở nước ta, cây mọc khắp nơi từ Bắc vào Nam. Thường gặp trên đất hoang, dọc bờ đường, trên các dải cát của các sông và trong các ruộng khô, ở vùng thấp.

Bộ phận dùng:

Toàn cây (Herba Scopariae)

Thành phần hóa học:

Cây chứa alkaloid và một chất đắng; còn có chứa nhiều acid silicic và một hoạt chất gọi là amellin. Phần trên mặt đất có chứa một chất dầu sền sệt mà trong thành phần có dulciol, scopariol, (+)manitol, glucose. Rễ chứa (+)manitol, tannin, alkaloid, triterpenoids: friedelin, glutinol-a-amarin, acid betulinic, acid dulcinic, acid iflaionic, scoparic A, B, C, D scopadulcic (A: R = COOH, R’ = CH2OH; B: R = Me, R’ = COOH).

Tác dụng dược lý – Công dụng:

Thường dùng trị: cảm cúm, sốt, nóng nhiều, ho khan, ho có đàm. Lỵ trực trùng. Tê phù, phù thủng, giảm niệu. Dùng ngoài, ép lấy dịch từ cây tươi trị mụn nhọt, lở ngứa, eczema. Hoạt chất amellin dùng điều trị bệnh đái đường, thiếu máu, albumin niệu, ceton niệu, viêm võng mạc, những biến chứng kèm theo đái đường và làm các vết thương mau lành. Rễ trị đau bụng, kiết, lợi tiểu; thân trị ho, sốt, giải độc, trị kinh nguyệt nhiều hay đau, giúp sinh dễ; lá bổ, làm cường tráng dục tính, trị sạn, trị viêm phế quản.

**** caythuoc.chothuoc24h.com/cay-thuoc/C/1695/

Cam thảo đất, Cam thảo nam – Scoparia dulcis L., thuộc họ Hoa mõm sói – Scrophulariaceae.

Mô tả: Cây thảo mọc thẳng đứng, cao 30-80cm, có thân nhẵn hoá gỗ ở gốc và rễ to hình trụ. Lá đơn mọc đối hay mọc vòng ba lá một, phiến lá hình mác hay hình trứng có ít răng cưa ở nửa trên, không lông. Hoa nhỏ, màu trắng, mọc riêng lẻ hay thành từng đôi ở nách lá. Quả nang nhỏ chứa nhiều hạt.

Ra hoa quả vào tháng 5-7.

Bộ phận dùng: Toàn cây – Herba Scopariae.

Nơi sống và thu hái: Loài liên nhiệt đới mọc khắp nơi ở đất hoang ven các đường đi, bờ ruộng. Có thể trồng bằng hạt vào mùa xuân. Vào mùa xuân hè, thu hái toàn cây rửa sạch, thái nhỏ dùng tươi hoặc phơi hay sấy khô để dùng dần.

Thành phần hóa học: Cây chứa một alcaloid và một chất đắng; còn có nhiều acid silicic và một hoạt chất gọi là amellin. Phần cây trên mặt đất chứa một chất dầu sền sệt, mà trong thành phần có dulciol, scopariol, (+) manitol, glucose. Rễ chứa (+) manitol, tanin, alcaloid, một hợp chất triterpen. Vỏ rễ chứa hexcoxinol, b-sitosterol và (+) manitol.

Tính vị, tác dụng: Cam thảo đất có vị ngọt, tính mát; có tác dụng bổ tỳ, nhuận phế, thanh nhiệt, giải độc và lợi tiểu.

Amellin trong cây là một chất chống bệnh đái đường, dùng uống làm giảm đường – huyết và các triệu chứng của bệnh đái đường và tăng hồng cầu. Nó cũng ngăn cản sự tiêu hao mô và dẫn đến sự tiêu thụ tốt hơn protein trong chế độ ăn, làm giảm mỡ trong mô mỡ và thúc đẩy quá trình hàn liền vết thương.

Công dụng, chỉ định và phối hợp: Thường dùng trị: 1. Cảm cúm, sốt, nóng nhiều, ho khan, ho có đờm; 2. Lỵ trực tràng; 3. Tê phù, phù thũng, giảm niệu. Liều dùng 8-12g khô hoặc 20-40g tươi, dạng thuốc sắc. Để tươi chữa ho khan; sao thơm chữa ho đờm và tiêu sưng. Dùng ngoài, ép lấy dịch từ cây tươi trị mụn nhọt, lở ngứa, eczema.

Nước hãm lá Cam thảo đất dùng làm thuốc súc miệng và ngậm chữa đau răng. Hoạt chất amellin dùng điều trị bệnh đái đường, thiếu máu, albumin niệu, ceton niệu, viêm võng mạc, những biến chứng kèm theo đái đường và làm các vết thương mau lành.

Có thể dùng thay Cam thảo để chữa sốt, say sắn, giải độc cơ thể.

Đơn thuốc:

1. Lỵ trực trùng: Cam thảo đất, Rau má, lá Rau muống, Địa liền, mỗi vị 30g, sắc uống.

2. Cảm cúm, nóng ho: Cam thảo đất tươi 30g, Diếp cá 15g, Bạc hà 9g, sắc uống. Có thể phối hợp với Rau má, Cỏ tranh, Sài hồ nam, Mạn kinh, Kim ngân, Kinh giới.

________________________________________________________________

**** plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=Scdu3

**** www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/cropfactsheets/scoparia.html

**** www.tropilab.com/sweet-broom.html

**** en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scoparia_dulcis

**** ayurvedicmedicinalplants.com/index.php?option=com_zoom&am…

**** www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16595962

Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2006 Apr;54(4):546-9.

Chemical and biological evaluation on scopadulane-type diterpenoids from Scoparia dulcis of Vietnamese origin.

Phan MG, Phan TS, Matsunami K, Otsuka H.

Source

Faculty of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Abstract

From the aerial parts of Scoparia dulcis L. (Scrophulariaceae) grown in Vietnam, four scopadulane-type diterpenoids (4-7), of which 7 is new and was given the trivial name scopadulcic acid C, together with nine known compounds were isolated. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configurations of 4-7 were ascertained by applying the modified Mosher’s method to iso-dulcinol (6). The isolation of the lignans nirtetralin and niranthin for the first time from S. dulcis is also of chemotaxonomic interest. The cytotoxic activity in KB cells, inhibitory effect on LPS/IFNgamma-induced NO production, inhibition of multidrug resistance (MDR), and antibacterial and antifungal activities of the scopadulane-type diterpenoids 4-7 were examined in this study.

PMID: 16595962 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Free full text

**** www.stuartxchange.org/Malaanis.html

Botany:

· Erect, much branched, smooth, herbaceous, or half-woody plant 25 to 80 cm in height.

· Leaves: opposite and whorled, lanceolate to elliptic or oblanceolate, 0.5 to 2 cm long, pointed at both ends and narrowed below the short stalk, and toothed in the margins.

· Flowers: while, small, very numerous, and in pairs; their stalks slender, and 1 cm long or less. Sepals 4 or 5, imbricate, corolla rotate, 4-fid, the throat bearded, lobes subequal, white stamens 4, subequal.

Distribution

Ubiquitouos weedIn throughout the settled areas in low to medium altitudes; along roadsides, sides of ditches, and other more or less shaded and moist places.

Parts utilized:

· Whole plant.

· Collected from April to June.

· Wash, cut into pieces, dry under the sun.

Properties and Constituents

• Sweet and has cooling nature.

• Considered antipyretic, diuretic, analgesic, antiinflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial,

• Considered by some as aphrodisiac.

Constituents

• Study yielded diterpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, triterpenes, hexaconasol, b-sitosterol, ketone, dulcitone and amellin.

• Triterpene and mannitol isolated from the roots; dulcitol from aerial parts. (Source)

• Phytochemical studies revealed acacetin, amellin, amyrin, apigenin, benzoxazin, benzoxalinone, betulinic acid, daucosterol, dulcidion . . among others. Also isolated were a flavone glycoside and a diterpene. (source)

Uses

Folkloric

· Cold and fever, enteritis, diarrhea, beriberi, edema, difficulty in urination: Use decoction of 15 to 30 gms dried material.

· Miliaria: Rub the squeezed juice from fresh plant.

· In India, China and Southeast Asia, used for pain, fever, dysentery, diarrhea, cough, bronchitis, hypertension, piles and insect bites.

· In Vietnam, used for snakebites and antidote for cassava intoxication. Also, for pimples, impetigo, ulcers and eczema.

· In India, used for gonorrhea, to induce labor, and diabetes.

· In China, used for herpes.

· In Burma and India, herb infusion used as mouthwash for infected gums.

· In Brazilian folk medicine, used for bronchitis, gastric disorders, hemorrhoids, insect bites, skin wounds..

Others

· In Trinidad’s santowah ceremony, sweetbroom is used to sprinkle holy water.

Studies

• Antioxidant: (1) Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Scoparia dulcis Extract: Study showed strong antioxidant acitivity corresponding to the reduction of hydroxyl radical generation, a possible rationale for the weeds observed therapeutic effects. (2) Study showed significant decrease in TBARS and hyperperoxides formation in the brain of rats suggesting a role in protection against lipid peroxidation induced membrane damage. Results suggest, in addition to its antidiabetic effect, SD possess antioxidant potential.

• Antihyperglycemic / Anti-Diabetes: (1)Effect of an aqueous extract of Scoparia dulcis on blood glucose, plasma insulin and some polyol pathway enzymes in experimental rat diabetes: Study showed SD was effective in attenuating hyperglycemia in rats, possibly due to the decreased influx of glucoxe into the polyol pathway with increased activities of antioxidant enzymes and plasma insulin and decreased activity of sorbitol dehydrogenase. (2) Study showed the aqueous extract of Scoparia dulcis exhibited antihyperglycemic effect by attenuating biochemical alterations in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

• Cytoprotective / Insulin-Secretagogue Activity: Study showed significant decrease in blood glucose with significantly increased plasma insulin level with use of aqueous extract of S dulcis in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Other results showed its insulin secretagogue activity and protection against STZ-mediated cytotoxicity. The glucose lowering effect was associated with potentiation of insulin release from the pancreatic islets.

• Anti-Ulcer: Study showed water extracts of S dulcis showed dose-dependent inhibition of indomethacin-induced gastric damage in rats validating its use in traditional medicine as an antacid and anti-ulcer agent.

• Antioxidant: Protective role of Scoparia dulcis plant extract on brain antioxidant status and lipidperoxidation in STZ diabetic male Wistar rats. Study showed levels of peroxidation markers in the brain were significantly a role in protection against lipidperoxidation-induced membrane damage.

• Antimicrobial / Antifungal: Phytochemical and antimicrobial study of an antidiabetic plant: Scoparia dulcis L.: Study of isolated fractions showed significant antimicrobial and antifungal activity against all tested organisms – S typhii, S aureus, E coli, B subtilis, P aeruginosa, P vulgaris and fungal strains (C albicans, A niger and F oxysporum).

• Antitumor: Scopadulcic acid B (SDB), a tetracyclic diterpenoid isolated from S dulcis, inhibited the effects of a tumor promoter, inhibited phopholipid synthesis and suppressed the promoting effect of TPA on skin tumor formation. Its potency is stronger than other natural anti-tumor promoting terpenoids.

• Antihyperlipidemic: Effect of Scoparia dulcis (Sweet Broomweed) in Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats: Study showed antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activity in normal and experimental diabetic rats.

• NGF Activity: Acetylated Flavonoid Glycosides Potentiating NGF Action from Scoparia dulcis: Three new acetylated flavonoid glycosides were isolated, two of which showed enhancing activity of nerve growth factor-mediated neurite outgrowth.

• Cytotoxicity: Study isolated four new diterpenes. Crude extracts and pure diterpenes suggested cytotoxicty.

• Beta-glucoronidase Inhibitor: Study isolated three labdane-type diterpene acids: scoparic acid A, B and C. Scoporic acid A was found to be a potent beta-glucoronidase inhibitor.

• Hepatoprotective / Antioxidant: Study isolated showed the hydroalcoholic extract of S dulcis exhibits significant hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats, an activity attributed to free radical scavenging activity.

• Anti-Trypanosomal Immunosuppression / Immunological Boosting: Previous findings suggest T. brucei is immunosuppressive. Study showed Scoparia dulcis provides a measure of immunological boost during experimental T. brucei infection in rabbits.

• Sympathomimetic Effects / Catecholamines: Study yielded both noradrenaline and adrenaline in the plant extract. The catecholamines may be responsible for the hypertensive and inotropic effects after parenteral administration of S dulcis extracts.

• Anti-Urolithiasis: Study investigating the inhibition of calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate mineralization by five medicinal plants – A aspera, P leschenaultii, S amplexicaulis, Scoparia dulcis and A lanata – showed that increased intake of the fruit juices and seed extracts of the test plants would be helpful in urinary stone prophylaxis. The sequestering of the insoluble calcium salts by the fruit juices may be due to single or mixed ligand chelation by the hydroxyl acids present in them.

• Anti-Inflammatory / Analgesic: Study results indicate that the extract of S dulcis possess analgesic effects probably related to its antiinflammatory activity, effects probably attributable to the presence of glutinol and flavonoids.

Availability

Wild-crafted.

Powders, extracts in the cybermarket.

**** www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15549711

J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2004;18(5):261-72.

Scoparia dulcis, a traditional antidiabetic plant, protects against streptozotocin induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo.

Latha M, Pari L, Sitasawad S, Bhonde R.

Source

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.

Abstract

Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. The experiments were performed on normal and experimental male Wistar rats treated with Scoparia dulcis plant extract (SPEt). The effect of SPEt was tested on streptozotocin (STZ) treated Rat insulinoma cell lines (RINm5F cells) and isolated islets in vitro. Administration of an aqueous extract of Scoparia dulcis by intragastric intubation (po) at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight significantly decreased the blood glucose and lipid peroxidative marker thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) with significant increase in the activities of plasma insulin, pancreatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) in streptozotocin diabetic rats at the end of 15 days treatment. Streptozotocin at a dose of 10 mug/mL evoked 6-fold stimulation of insulin secretion from isolated islets indicating its insulin secretagogue activity. The extract markedly reduced the STZ-induced lipidperoxidation in RINm5F cells. Further, SPEt protected STZ-mediated cytotoxicity and nitric oxide (NO) production in RINm5F cells. Treatment of RINm5F cells with 5 mM STZ and 10 mug of SPEt completely abrogated apoptosis induced by STZ, suggesting the involvement of oxidative stress. Flow cytometric assessment on the level of intracellular peroxides using fluorescent probe 2’7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) confirmed that STZ (46%) induced an intracellular oxidative stress in RINm5F cells, which was suppressed by SPEt (21%). In addition, SPEt also reduced (33%) the STZ-induced apoptosis (72%) in RINm5F cells indicating the mode of protection of SPEt on RIN m5Fcells, islets, and pancreatic beta-cell mass (histopathological observations). Present study thus confirms antihyperglycemic effect of SPEt and also demonstrated the consistently strong antioxidant properties of Scoparia dulcis used in the traditional medicine.

(c) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Licorice weed, Zhu zai cao, Sweetbroom, Broomweed, Mithi Patti, Scoparia dulcis …#11


Image by Vietnam Plants & The USA. plants

Lá ở gốc của cây Cam Thảo Nam.

Basal leaves of Scoparia dulcis

Chụp hình ngày 15-9-2010 tại thành phố Hồ chí Minh ( Saigon ) , miền Nam Việt Nam.

Taken on September 15, 2012 in Ho chi Minh city, Southern of Vietnam.

Vietnamese named : Cam Thảo Nam, Cam Thảo đất,

Common names : Licorice weed , Zhu zai cao (Chin.),Sweetbroom (Engl.), Broomweed (Engl.), Escobilla amarga (Sp.), Silhigop (Bis.) , Mala-anis (Pamp.) , Saang-kabayo (Tag.), Tachin-karnero (Iv.), Mithi Patti ( Hindu ).

Scientist name : Scoparia dulcis L.

Synonyms :

FamilyScrophulariaceae – Figwort family

Group : Dicot

Duration : Annual – Perennial

Growth Habit : Forb/herb – Subshrub

Kingdom : Plantae – Plants

Subkingdom : Tracheobionta – Vascular plants

Superdivision : Spermatophyta – Seed plants

Division : Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants

Class : Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons

Subclass : Asteridae

Order : Scrophulariales

Genus : Scoparia L. – licorice weed

Species : Scoparia dulcis L. – licorice weed

**** www.uphcm.edu.vn/caythuoc/index.php?q=node/223 : NHẤP VÀO LINK ĐỂ ĐỌC THÊM, RẤT CẢM ƠN.

Phân bố, sinh học và sinh thái:

Gốc ở nhiệt đới Châu Mỹ, được thuần hóa trong tất cả các vùng nhiệt đới của thế giới. Ở nước ta, cây mọc khắp nơi từ Bắc vào Nam. Thường gặp trên đất hoang, dọc bờ đường, trên các dải cát của các sông và trong các ruộng khô, ở vùng thấp.

Bộ phận dùng:

Toàn cây (Herba Scopariae)

Thành phần hóa học:

Cây chứa alkaloid và một chất đắng; còn có chứa nhiều acid silicic và một hoạt chất gọi là amellin. Phần trên mặt đất có chứa một chất dầu sền sệt mà trong thành phần có dulciol, scopariol, (+)manitol, glucose. Rễ chứa (+)manitol, tannin, alkaloid, triterpenoids: friedelin, glutinol-a-amarin, acid betulinic, acid dulcinic, acid iflaionic, scoparic A, B, C, D scopadulcic (A: R = COOH, R’ = CH2OH; B: R = Me, R’ = COOH).

Tác dụng dược lý – Công dụng:

Thường dùng trị: cảm cúm, sốt, nóng nhiều, ho khan, ho có đàm. Lỵ trực trùng. Tê phù, phù thủng, giảm niệu. Dùng ngoài, ép lấy dịch từ cây tươi trị mụn nhọt, lở ngứa, eczema. Hoạt chất amellin dùng điều trị bệnh đái đường, thiếu máu, albumin niệu, ceton niệu, viêm võng mạc, những biến chứng kèm theo đái đường và làm các vết thương mau lành. Rễ trị đau bụng, kiết, lợi tiểu; thân trị ho, sốt, giải độc, trị kinh nguyệt nhiều hay đau, giúp sinh dễ; lá bổ, làm cường tráng dục tính, trị sạn, trị viêm phế quản.

**** caythuoc.chothuoc24h.com/cay-thuoc/C/1695/

Cam thảo đất, Cam thảo nam – Scoparia dulcis L., thuộc họ Hoa mõm sói – Scrophulariaceae.

Mô tả: Cây thảo mọc thẳng đứng, cao 30-80cm, có thân nhẵn hoá gỗ ở gốc và rễ to hình trụ. Lá đơn mọc đối hay mọc vòng ba lá một, phiến lá hình mác hay hình trứng có ít răng cưa ở nửa trên, không lông. Hoa nhỏ, màu trắng, mọc riêng lẻ hay thành từng đôi ở nách lá. Quả nang nhỏ chứa nhiều hạt.

Ra hoa quả vào tháng 5-7.

Bộ phận dùng: Toàn cây – Herba Scopariae.

Nơi sống và thu hái: Loài liên nhiệt đới mọc khắp nơi ở đất hoang ven các đường đi, bờ ruộng. Có thể trồng bằng hạt vào mùa xuân. Vào mùa xuân hè, thu hái toàn cây rửa sạch, thái nhỏ dùng tươi hoặc phơi hay sấy khô để dùng dần.

Thành phần hóa học: Cây chứa một alcaloid và một chất đắng; còn có nhiều acid silicic và một hoạt chất gọi là amellin. Phần cây trên mặt đất chứa một chất dầu sền sệt, mà trong thành phần có dulciol, scopariol, (+) manitol, glucose. Rễ chứa (+) manitol, tanin, alcaloid, một hợp chất triterpen. Vỏ rễ chứa hexcoxinol, b-sitosterol và (+) manitol.

Tính vị, tác dụng: Cam thảo đất có vị ngọt, tính mát; có tác dụng bổ tỳ, nhuận phế, thanh nhiệt, giải độc và lợi tiểu.

Amellin trong cây là một chất chống bệnh đái đường, dùng uống làm giảm đường – huyết và các triệu chứng của bệnh đái đường và tăng hồng cầu. Nó cũng ngăn cản sự tiêu hao mô và dẫn đến sự tiêu thụ tốt hơn protein trong chế độ ăn, làm giảm mỡ trong mô mỡ và thúc đẩy quá trình hàn liền vết thương.

Công dụng, chỉ định và phối hợp: Thường dùng trị: 1. Cảm cúm, sốt, nóng nhiều, ho khan, ho có đờm; 2. Lỵ trực tràng; 3. Tê phù, phù thũng, giảm niệu. Liều dùng 8-12g khô hoặc 20-40g tươi, dạng thuốc sắc. Để tươi chữa ho khan; sao thơm chữa ho đờm và tiêu sưng. Dùng ngoài, ép lấy dịch từ cây tươi trị mụn nhọt, lở ngứa, eczema.

Nước hãm lá Cam thảo đất dùng làm thuốc súc miệng và ngậm chữa đau răng. Hoạt chất amellin dùng điều trị bệnh đái đường, thiếu máu, albumin niệu, ceton niệu, viêm võng mạc, những biến chứng kèm theo đái đường và làm các vết thương mau lành.

Có thể dùng thay Cam thảo để chữa sốt, say sắn, giải độc cơ thể.

Đơn thuốc:

1. Lỵ trực trùng: Cam thảo đất, Rau má, lá Rau muống, Địa liền, mỗi vị 30g, sắc uống.

2. Cảm cúm, nóng ho: Cam thảo đất tươi 30g, Diếp cá 15g, Bạc hà 9g, sắc uống. Có thể phối hợp với Rau má, Cỏ tranh, Sài hồ nam, Mạn kinh, Kim ngân, Kinh giới.

________________________________________________________________

**** plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=Scdu3

**** www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/cropfactsheets/scoparia.html

**** www.tropilab.com/sweet-broom.html

**** en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scoparia_dulcis

**** ayurvedicmedicinalplants.com/index.php?option=com_zoom&am…

**** www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16595962

Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2006 Apr;54(4):546-9.

Chemical and biological evaluation on scopadulane-type diterpenoids from Scoparia dulcis of Vietnamese origin.

Phan MG, Phan TS, Matsunami K, Otsuka H.

Source

Faculty of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Abstract

From the aerial parts of Scoparia dulcis L. (Scrophulariaceae) grown in Vietnam, four scopadulane-type diterpenoids (4-7), of which 7 is new and was given the trivial name scopadulcic acid C, together with nine known compounds were isolated. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configurations of 4-7 were ascertained by applying the modified Mosher’s method to iso-dulcinol (6). The isolation of the lignans nirtetralin and niranthin for the first time from S. dulcis is also of chemotaxonomic interest. The cytotoxic activity in KB cells, inhibitory effect on LPS/IFNgamma-induced NO production, inhibition of multidrug resistance (MDR), and antibacterial and antifungal activities of the scopadulane-type diterpenoids 4-7 were examined in this study.

PMID: 16595962 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Free full text

**** www.stuartxchange.org/Malaanis.html

Botany:

· Erect, much branched, smooth, herbaceous, or half-woody plant 25 to 80 cm in height.

· Leaves: opposite and whorled, lanceolate to elliptic or oblanceolate, 0.5 to 2 cm long, pointed at both ends and narrowed below the short stalk, and toothed in the margins.

· Flowers: while, small, very numerous, and in pairs; their stalks slender, and 1 cm long or less. Sepals 4 or 5, imbricate, corolla rotate, 4-fid, the throat bearded, lobes subequal, white stamens 4, subequal.

Distribution

Ubiquitouos weedIn throughout the settled areas in low to medium altitudes; along roadsides, sides of ditches, and other more or less shaded and moist places.

Parts utilized:

· Whole plant.

· Collected from April to June.

· Wash, cut into pieces, dry under the sun.

Properties and Constituents

• Sweet and has cooling nature.

• Considered antipyretic, diuretic, analgesic, antiinflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial,

• Considered by some as aphrodisiac.

Constituents

• Study yielded diterpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, triterpenes, hexaconasol, b-sitosterol, ketone, dulcitone and amellin.

• Triterpene and mannitol isolated from the roots; dulcitol from aerial parts. (Source)

• Phytochemical studies revealed acacetin, amellin, amyrin, apigenin, benzoxazin, benzoxalinone, betulinic acid, daucosterol, dulcidion . . among others. Also isolated were a flavone glycoside and a diterpene. (source)

Uses

Folkloric

· Cold and fever, enteritis, diarrhea, beriberi, edema, difficulty in urination: Use decoction of 15 to 30 gms dried material.

· Miliaria: Rub the squeezed juice from fresh plant.

· In India, China and Southeast Asia, used for pain, fever, dysentery, diarrhea, cough, bronchitis, hypertension, piles and insect bites.

· In Vietnam, used for snakebites and antidote for cassava intoxication. Also, for pimples, impetigo, ulcers and eczema.

· In India, used for gonorrhea, to induce labor, and diabetes.

· In China, used for herpes.

· In Burma and India, herb infusion used as mouthwash for infected gums.

· In Brazilian folk medicine, used for bronchitis, gastric disorders, hemorrhoids, insect bites, skin wounds..

Others

· In Trinidad’s santowah ceremony, sweetbroom is used to sprinkle holy water.

Studies

• Antioxidant: (1) Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Scoparia dulcis Extract: Study showed strong antioxidant acitivity corresponding to the reduction of hydroxyl radical generation, a possible rationale for the weeds observed therapeutic effects. (2) Study showed significant decrease in TBARS and hyperperoxides formation in the brain of rats suggesting a role in protection against lipid peroxidation induced membrane damage. Results suggest, in addition to its antidiabetic effect, SD possess antioxidant potential.

• Antihyperglycemic / Anti-Diabetes: (1)Effect of an aqueous extract of Scoparia dulcis on blood glucose, plasma insulin and some polyol pathway enzymes in experimental rat diabetes: Study showed SD was effective in attenuating hyperglycemia in rats, possibly due to the decreased influx of glucoxe into the polyol pathway with increased activities of antioxidant enzymes and plasma insulin and decreased activity of sorbitol dehydrogenase. (2) Study showed the aqueous extract of Scoparia dulcis exhibited antihyperglycemic effect by attenuating biochemical alterations in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

• Cytoprotective / Insulin-Secretagogue Activity: Study showed significant decrease in blood glucose with significantly increased plasma insulin level with use of aqueous extract of S dulcis in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Other results showed its insulin secretagogue activity and protection against STZ-mediated cytotoxicity. The glucose lowering effect was associated with potentiation of insulin release from the pancreatic islets.

• Anti-Ulcer: Study showed water extracts of S dulcis showed dose-dependent inhibition of indomethacin-induced gastric damage in rats validating its use in traditional medicine as an antacid and anti-ulcer agent.

• Antioxidant: Protective role of Scoparia dulcis plant extract on brain antioxidant status and lipidperoxidation in STZ diabetic male Wistar rats. Study showed levels of peroxidation markers in the brain were significantly a role in protection against lipidperoxidation-induced membrane damage.

• Antimicrobial / Antifungal: Phytochemical and antimicrobial study of an antidiabetic plant: Scoparia dulcis L.: Study of isolated fractions showed significant antimicrobial and antifungal activity against all tested organisms – S typhii, S aureus, E coli, B subtilis, P aeruginosa, P vulgaris and fungal strains (C albicans, A niger and F oxysporum).

• Antitumor: Scopadulcic acid B (SDB), a tetracyclic diterpenoid isolated from S dulcis, inhibited the effects of a tumor promoter, inhibited phopholipid synthesis and suppressed the promoting effect of TPA on skin tumor formation. Its potency is stronger than other natural anti-tumor promoting terpenoids.

• Antihyperlipidemic: Effect of Scoparia dulcis (Sweet Broomweed) in Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats: Study showed antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activity in normal and experimental diabetic rats.

• NGF Activity: Acetylated Flavonoid Glycosides Potentiating NGF Action from Scoparia dulcis: Three new acetylated flavonoid glycosides were isolated, two of which showed enhancing activity of nerve growth factor-mediated neurite outgrowth.

• Cytotoxicity: Study isolated four new diterpenes. Crude extracts and pure diterpenes suggested cytotoxicty.

• Beta-glucoronidase Inhibitor: Study isolated three labdane-type diterpene acids: scoparic acid A, B and C. Scoporic acid A was found to be a potent beta-glucoronidase inhibitor.

• Hepatoprotective / Antioxidant: Study isolated showed the hydroalcoholic extract of S dulcis exhibits significant hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats, an activity attributed to free radical scavenging activity.

• Anti-Trypanosomal Immunosuppression / Immunological Boosting: Previous findings suggest T. brucei is immunosuppressive. Study showed Scoparia dulcis provides a measure of immunological boost during experimental T. brucei infection in rabbits.

• Sympathomimetic Effects / Catecholamines: Study yielded both noradrenaline and adrenaline in the plant extract. The catecholamines may be responsible for the hypertensive and inotropic effects after parenteral administration of S dulcis extracts.

• Anti-Urolithiasis: Study investigating the inhibition of calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate mineralization by five medicinal plants – A aspera, P leschenaultii, S amplexicaulis, Scoparia dulcis and A lanata – showed that increased intake of the fruit juices and seed extracts of the test plants would be helpful in urinary stone prophylaxis. The sequestering of the insoluble calcium salts by the fruit juices may be due to single or mixed ligand chelation by the hydroxyl acids present in them.

• Anti-Inflammatory / Analgesic: Study results indicate that the extract of S dulcis possess analgesic effects probably related to its antiinflammatory activity, effects probably attributable to the presence of glutinol and flavonoids.

Availability

Wild-crafted.

Powders, extracts in the cybermarket.

**** www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15549711

J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2004;18(5):261-72.

Scoparia dulcis, a traditional antidiabetic plant, protects against streptozotocin induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo.

Latha M, Pari L, Sitasawad S, Bhonde R.

Source

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.

Abstract

Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. The experiments were performed on normal and experimental male Wistar rats treated with Scoparia dulcis plant extract (SPEt). The effect of SPEt was tested on streptozotocin (STZ) treated Rat insulinoma cell lines (RINm5F cells) and isolated islets in vitro. Administration of an aqueous extract of Scoparia dulcis by intragastric intubation (po) at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight significantly decreased the blood glucose and lipid peroxidative marker thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) with significant increase in the activities of plasma insulin, pancreatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) in streptozotocin diabetic rats at the end of 15 days treatment. Streptozotocin at a dose of 10 mug/mL evoked 6-fold stimulation of insulin secretion from isolated islets indicating its insulin secretagogue activity. The extract markedly reduced the STZ-induced lipidperoxidation in RINm5F cells. Further, SPEt protected STZ-mediated cytotoxicity and nitric oxide (NO) production in RINm5F cells. Treatment of RINm5F cells with 5 mM STZ and 10 mug of SPEt completely abrogated apoptosis induced by STZ, suggesting the involvement of oxidative stress. Flow cytometric assessment on the level of intracellular peroxides using fluorescent probe 2’7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) confirmed that STZ (46%) induced an intracellular oxidative stress in RINm5F cells, which was suppressed by SPEt (21%). In addition, SPEt also reduced (33%) the STZ-induced apoptosis (72%) in RINm5F cells indicating the mode of protection of SPEt on RIN m5Fcells, islets, and pancreatic beta-cell mass (histopathological observations). Present study thus confirms antihyperglycemic effect of SPEt and also demonstrated the consistently strong antioxidant properties of Scoparia dulcis used in the traditional medicine.

(c) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Broomweed, Mithi Pathi, Licorice weed, Zhu zai cao, Scoparia dulcis ....Cam Thảo Nam, Cam Thảo đất ....#6

Broomweed, Mithi Pathi, Licorice weed, Zhu zai cao, Scoparia dulcis ....Cam Thảo Nam, Cam Thảo đất ....#8

Some cool cell membrane images:

Broomweed, Mithi Pathi, Licorice weed, Zhu zai cao, Scoparia dulcis ….Cam Thảo Nam, Cam Thảo đất ….#8


Image by Vietnam Plants & The USA. plants

Chụp hình ngày 15-9-2010 tại thành phố Hồ chí Minh ( Saigon ) , miền Nam Việt Nam.

Taken on September 15, 2012 in Ho chi Minh city, Southern of Vietnam.

Vietnamese named : Cam Thảo Nam, Cam Thảo đất,

Common names : Licorice weed , Zhu zai cao (Chin.),Sweetbroom (Engl.), Broomweed (Engl.), Escobilla amarga (Sp.), Silhigop (Bis.) , Mala-anis (Pamp.) , Saang-kabayo (Tag.), Tachin-karnero (Iv.), Mithi Patti ( Hindu ).

Scientist name : Scoparia dulcis L.

Synonyms :

FamilyScrophulariaceae – Figwort family

Group : Dicot

Duration : Annual – Perennial

Growth Habit : Forb/herb – Subshrub

Kingdom : Plantae – Plants

Subkingdom : Tracheobionta – Vascular plants

Superdivision : Spermatophyta – Seed plants

Division : Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants

Class : Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons

Subclass : Asteridae

Order : Scrophulariales

Genus : Scoparia L. – licorice weed

Species : Scoparia dulcis L. – licorice weed

**** www.uphcm.edu.vn/caythuoc/index.php?q=node/223 : NHẤP VÀO LINK ĐỂ ĐỌC THÊM, RẤT CẢM ƠN.

Phân bố, sinh học và sinh thái:

Gốc ở nhiệt đới Châu Mỹ, được thuần hóa trong tất cả các vùng nhiệt đới của thế giới. Ở nước ta, cây mọc khắp nơi từ Bắc vào Nam. Thường gặp trên đất hoang, dọc bờ đường, trên các dải cát của các sông và trong các ruộng khô, ở vùng thấp.

Bộ phận dùng:

Toàn cây (Herba Scopariae)

Thành phần hóa học:

Cây chứa alkaloid và một chất đắng; còn có chứa nhiều acid silicic và một hoạt chất gọi là amellin. Phần trên mặt đất có chứa một chất dầu sền sệt mà trong thành phần có dulciol, scopariol, (+)manitol, glucose. Rễ chứa (+)manitol, tannin, alkaloid, triterpenoids: friedelin, glutinol-a-amarin, acid betulinic, acid dulcinic, acid iflaionic, scoparic A, B, C, D scopadulcic (A: R = COOH, R’ = CH2OH; B: R = Me, R’ = COOH).

Tác dụng dược lý – Công dụng:

Thường dùng trị: cảm cúm, sốt, nóng nhiều, ho khan, ho có đàm. Lỵ trực trùng. Tê phù, phù thủng, giảm niệu. Dùng ngoài, ép lấy dịch từ cây tươi trị mụn nhọt, lở ngứa, eczema. Hoạt chất amellin dùng điều trị bệnh đái đường, thiếu máu, albumin niệu, ceton niệu, viêm võng mạc, những biến chứng kèm theo đái đường và làm các vết thương mau lành. Rễ trị đau bụng, kiết, lợi tiểu; thân trị ho, sốt, giải độc, trị kinh nguyệt nhiều hay đau, giúp sinh dễ; lá bổ, làm cường tráng dục tính, trị sạn, trị viêm phế quản.

**** caythuoc.chothuoc24h.com/cay-thuoc/C/1695/

Cam thảo đất, Cam thảo nam – Scoparia dulcis L., thuộc họ Hoa mõm sói – Scrophulariaceae.

Mô tả: Cây thảo mọc thẳng đứng, cao 30-80cm, có thân nhẵn hoá gỗ ở gốc và rễ to hình trụ. Lá đơn mọc đối hay mọc vòng ba lá một, phiến lá hình mác hay hình trứng có ít răng cưa ở nửa trên, không lông. Hoa nhỏ, màu trắng, mọc riêng lẻ hay thành từng đôi ở nách lá. Quả nang nhỏ chứa nhiều hạt.

Ra hoa quả vào tháng 5-7.

Bộ phận dùng: Toàn cây – Herba Scopariae.

Nơi sống và thu hái: Loài liên nhiệt đới mọc khắp nơi ở đất hoang ven các đường đi, bờ ruộng. Có thể trồng bằng hạt vào mùa xuân. Vào mùa xuân hè, thu hái toàn cây rửa sạch, thái nhỏ dùng tươi hoặc phơi hay sấy khô để dùng dần.

Thành phần hóa học: Cây chứa một alcaloid và một chất đắng; còn có nhiều acid silicic và một hoạt chất gọi là amellin. Phần cây trên mặt đất chứa một chất dầu sền sệt, mà trong thành phần có dulciol, scopariol, (+) manitol, glucose. Rễ chứa (+) manitol, tanin, alcaloid, một hợp chất triterpen. Vỏ rễ chứa hexcoxinol, b-sitosterol và (+) manitol.

Tính vị, tác dụng: Cam thảo đất có vị ngọt, tính mát; có tác dụng bổ tỳ, nhuận phế, thanh nhiệt, giải độc và lợi tiểu.

Amellin trong cây là một chất chống bệnh đái đường, dùng uống làm giảm đường – huyết và các triệu chứng của bệnh đái đường và tăng hồng cầu. Nó cũng ngăn cản sự tiêu hao mô và dẫn đến sự tiêu thụ tốt hơn protein trong chế độ ăn, làm giảm mỡ trong mô mỡ và thúc đẩy quá trình hàn liền vết thương.

Công dụng, chỉ định và phối hợp: Thường dùng trị: 1. Cảm cúm, sốt, nóng nhiều, ho khan, ho có đờm; 2. Lỵ trực tràng; 3. Tê phù, phù thũng, giảm niệu. Liều dùng 8-12g khô hoặc 20-40g tươi, dạng thuốc sắc. Để tươi chữa ho khan; sao thơm chữa ho đờm và tiêu sưng. Dùng ngoài, ép lấy dịch từ cây tươi trị mụn nhọt, lở ngứa, eczema.

Nước hãm lá Cam thảo đất dùng làm thuốc súc miệng và ngậm chữa đau răng. Hoạt chất amellin dùng điều trị bệnh đái đường, thiếu máu, albumin niệu, ceton niệu, viêm võng mạc, những biến chứng kèm theo đái đường và làm các vết thương mau lành.

Có thể dùng thay Cam thảo để chữa sốt, say sắn, giải độc cơ thể.

Đơn thuốc:

1. Lỵ trực trùng: Cam thảo đất, Rau má, lá Rau muống, Địa liền, mỗi vị 30g, sắc uống.

2. Cảm cúm, nóng ho: Cam thảo đất tươi 30g, Diếp cá 15g, Bạc hà 9g, sắc uống. Có thể phối hợp với Rau má, Cỏ tranh, Sài hồ nam, Mạn kinh, Kim ngân, Kinh giới.

________________________________________________________________

**** plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=Scdu3

**** www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/cropfactsheets/scoparia.html

**** www.tropilab.com/sweet-broom.html

**** en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scoparia_dulcis

**** ayurvedicmedicinalplants.com/index.php?option=com_zoom&am…

**** www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16595962

Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2006 Apr;54(4):546-9.

Chemical and biological evaluation on scopadulane-type diterpenoids from Scoparia dulcis of Vietnamese origin.

Phan MG, Phan TS, Matsunami K, Otsuka H.

Source

Faculty of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Abstract

From the aerial parts of Scoparia dulcis L. (Scrophulariaceae) grown in Vietnam, four scopadulane-type diterpenoids (4-7), of which 7 is new and was given the trivial name scopadulcic acid C, together with nine known compounds were isolated. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configurations of 4-7 were ascertained by applying the modified Mosher’s method to iso-dulcinol (6). The isolation of the lignans nirtetralin and niranthin for the first time from S. dulcis is also of chemotaxonomic interest. The cytotoxic activity in KB cells, inhibitory effect on LPS/IFNgamma-induced NO production, inhibition of multidrug resistance (MDR), and antibacterial and antifungal activities of the scopadulane-type diterpenoids 4-7 were examined in this study.

PMID: 16595962 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Free full text

**** www.stuartxchange.org/Malaanis.html

Botany:

· Erect, much branched, smooth, herbaceous, or half-woody plant 25 to 80 cm in height.

· Leaves: opposite and whorled, lanceolate to elliptic or oblanceolate, 0.5 to 2 cm long, pointed at both ends and narrowed below the short stalk, and toothed in the margins.

· Flowers: while, small, very numerous, and in pairs; their stalks slender, and 1 cm long or less. Sepals 4 or 5, imbricate, corolla rotate, 4-fid, the throat bearded, lobes subequal, white stamens 4, subequal.

Distribution

Ubiquitouos weedIn throughout the settled areas in low to medium altitudes; along roadsides, sides of ditches, and other more or less shaded and moist places.

Parts utilized:

· Whole plant.

· Collected from April to June.

· Wash, cut into pieces, dry under the sun.

Properties and Constituents

• Sweet and has cooling nature.

• Considered antipyretic, diuretic, analgesic, antiinflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial,

• Considered by some as aphrodisiac.

Constituents

• Study yielded diterpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, triterpenes, hexaconasol, b-sitosterol, ketone, dulcitone and amellin.

• Triterpene and mannitol isolated from the roots; dulcitol from aerial parts. (Source)

• Phytochemical studies revealed acacetin, amellin, amyrin, apigenin, benzoxazin, benzoxalinone, betulinic acid, daucosterol, dulcidion . . among others. Also isolated were a flavone glycoside and a diterpene. (source)

Uses

Folkloric

· Cold and fever, enteritis, diarrhea, beriberi, edema, difficulty in urination: Use decoction of 15 to 30 gms dried material.

· Miliaria: Rub the squeezed juice from fresh plant.

· In India, China and Southeast Asia, used for pain, fever, dysentery, diarrhea, cough, bronchitis, hypertension, piles and insect bites.

· In Vietnam, used for snakebites and antidote for cassava intoxication. Also, for pimples, impetigo, ulcers and eczema.

· In India, used for gonorrhea, to induce labor, and diabetes.

· In China, used for herpes.

· In Burma and India, herb infusion used as mouthwash for infected gums.

· In Brazilian folk medicine, used for bronchitis, gastric disorders, hemorrhoids, insect bites, skin wounds..

Others

· In Trinidad’s santowah ceremony, sweetbroom is used to sprinkle holy water.

Studies

• Antioxidant: (1) Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Scoparia dulcis Extract: Study showed strong antioxidant acitivity corresponding to the reduction of hydroxyl radical generation, a possible rationale for the weeds observed therapeutic effects. (2) Study showed significant decrease in TBARS and hyperperoxides formation in the brain of rats suggesting a role in protection against lipid peroxidation induced membrane damage. Results suggest, in addition to its antidiabetic effect, SD possess antioxidant potential.

• Antihyperglycemic / Anti-Diabetes: (1)Effect of an aqueous extract of Scoparia dulcis on blood glucose, plasma insulin and some polyol pathway enzymes in experimental rat diabetes: Study showed SD was effective in attenuating hyperglycemia in rats, possibly due to the decreased influx of glucoxe into the polyol pathway with increased activities of antioxidant enzymes and plasma insulin and decreased activity of sorbitol dehydrogenase. (2) Study showed the aqueous extract of Scoparia dulcis exhibited antihyperglycemic effect by attenuating biochemical alterations in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

• Cytoprotective / Insulin-Secretagogue Activity: Study showed significant decrease in blood glucose with significantly increased plasma insulin level with use of aqueous extract of S dulcis in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Other results showed its insulin secretagogue activity and protection against STZ-mediated cytotoxicity. The glucose lowering effect was associated with potentiation of insulin release from the pancreatic islets.

• Anti-Ulcer: Study showed water extracts of S dulcis showed dose-dependent inhibition of indomethacin-induced gastric damage in rats validating its use in traditional medicine as an antacid and anti-ulcer agent.

• Antioxidant: Protective role of Scoparia dulcis plant extract on brain antioxidant status and lipidperoxidation in STZ diabetic male Wistar rats. Study showed levels of peroxidation markers in the brain were significantly a role in protection against lipidperoxidation-induced membrane damage.

• Antimicrobial / Antifungal: Phytochemical and antimicrobial study of an antidiabetic plant: Scoparia dulcis L.: Study of isolated fractions showed significant antimicrobial and antifungal activity against all tested organisms – S typhii, S aureus, E coli, B subtilis, P aeruginosa, P vulgaris and fungal strains (C albicans, A niger and F oxysporum).

• Antitumor: Scopadulcic acid B (SDB), a tetracyclic diterpenoid isolated from S dulcis, inhibited the effects of a tumor promoter, inhibited phopholipid synthesis and suppressed the promoting effect of TPA on skin tumor formation. Its potency is stronger than other natural anti-tumor promoting terpenoids.

• Antihyperlipidemic: Effect of Scoparia dulcis (Sweet Broomweed) in Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats: Study showed antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activity in normal and experimental diabetic rats.

• NGF Activity: Acetylated Flavonoid Glycosides Potentiating NGF Action from Scoparia dulcis: Three new acetylated flavonoid glycosides were isolated, two of which showed enhancing activity of nerve growth factor-mediated neurite outgrowth.

• Cytotoxicity: Study isolated four new diterpenes. Crude extracts and pure diterpenes suggested cytotoxicty.

• Beta-glucoronidase Inhibitor: Study isolated three labdane-type diterpene acids: scoparic acid A, B and C. Scoporic acid A was found to be a potent beta-glucoronidase inhibitor.

• Hepatoprotective / Antioxidant: Study isolated showed the hydroalcoholic extract of S dulcis exhibits significant hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats, an activity attributed to free radical scavenging activity.

• Anti-Trypanosomal Immunosuppression / Immunological Boosting: Previous findings suggest T. brucei is immunosuppressive. Study showed Scoparia dulcis provides a measure of immunological boost during experimental T. brucei infection in rabbits.

• Sympathomimetic Effects / Catecholamines: Study yielded both noradrenaline and adrenaline in the plant extract. The catecholamines may be responsible for the hypertensive and inotropic effects after parenteral administration of S dulcis extracts.

• Anti-Urolithiasis: Study investigating the inhibition of calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate mineralization by five medicinal plants – A aspera, P leschenaultii, S amplexicaulis, Scoparia dulcis and A lanata – showed that increased intake of the fruit juices and seed extracts of the test plants would be helpful in urinary stone prophylaxis. The sequestering of the insoluble calcium salts by the fruit juices may be due to single or mixed ligand chelation by the hydroxyl acids present in them.

• Anti-Inflammatory / Analgesic: Study results indicate that the extract of S dulcis possess analgesic effects probably related to its antiinflammatory activity, effects probably attributable to the presence of glutinol and flavonoids.

Availability

Wild-crafted.

Powders, extracts in the cybermarket.

**** www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15549711

J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2004;18(5):261-72.

Scoparia dulcis, a traditional antidiabetic plant, protects against streptozotocin induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo.

Latha M, Pari L, Sitasawad S, Bhonde R.

Source

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.

Abstract

Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. The experiments were performed on normal and experimental male Wistar rats treated with Scoparia dulcis plant extract (SPEt). The effect of SPEt was tested on streptozotocin (STZ) treated Rat insulinoma cell lines (RINm5F cells) and isolated islets in vitro. Administration of an aqueous extract of Scoparia dulcis by intragastric intubation (po) at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight significantly decreased the blood glucose and lipid peroxidative marker thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) with significant increase in the activities of plasma insulin, pancreatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) in streptozotocin diabetic rats at the end of 15 days treatment. Streptozotocin at a dose of 10 mug/mL evoked 6-fold stimulation of insulin secretion from isolated islets indicating its insulin secretagogue activity. The extract markedly reduced the STZ-induced lipidperoxidation in RINm5F cells. Further, SPEt protected STZ-mediated cytotoxicity and nitric oxide (NO) production in RINm5F cells. Treatment of RINm5F cells with 5 mM STZ and 10 mug of SPEt completely abrogated apoptosis induced by STZ, suggesting the involvement of oxidative stress. Flow cytometric assessment on the level of intracellular peroxides using fluorescent probe 2’7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) confirmed that STZ (46%) induced an intracellular oxidative stress in RINm5F cells, which was suppressed by SPEt (21%). In addition, SPEt also reduced (33%) the STZ-induced apoptosis (72%) in RINm5F cells indicating the mode of protection of SPEt on RIN m5Fcells, islets, and pancreatic beta-cell mass (histopathological observations). Present study thus confirms antihyperglycemic effect of SPEt and also demonstrated the consistently strong antioxidant properties of Scoparia dulcis used in the traditional medicine.

(c) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Broomweed, Mithi Pathi, Licorice weed, Zhu zai cao, Scoparia dulcis ….Cam Thảo Nam, Cam Thảo đất ….#5


Image by Vietnam Plants & The USA. plants

Chụp hình ngày 15-9-2010 tại thành phố Hồ chí Minh ( Saigon ) , miền Nam Việt Nam.

Taken on September 15, 2012 in Ho chi Minh city, Southern of Vietnam.

Vietnamese named : Cam Thảo Nam, Cam Thảo đất,

Common names : Licorice weed , Zhu zai cao (Chin.),Sweetbroom (Engl.), Broomweed (Engl.), Escobilla amarga (Sp.), Silhigop (Bis.) , Mala-anis (Pamp.) , Saang-kabayo (Tag.), Tachin-karnero (Iv.), Mithi Patti ( Hindu ).

Scientist name : Scoparia dulcis L.

Synonyms :

FamilyScrophulariaceae – Figwort family

Group : Dicot

Duration : Annual – Perennial

Growth Habit : Forb/herb – Subshrub

Kingdom : Plantae – Plants

Subkingdom : Tracheobionta – Vascular plants

Superdivision : Spermatophyta – Seed plants

Division : Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants

Class : Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons

Subclass : Asteridae

Order : Scrophulariales

Genus : Scoparia L. – licorice weed

Species : Scoparia dulcis L. – licorice weed

**** www.uphcm.edu.vn/caythuoc/index.php?q=node/223 : NHẤP VÀO LINK ĐỂ ĐỌC THÊM, RẤT CẢM ƠN.

Phân bố, sinh học và sinh thái:

Gốc ở nhiệt đới Châu Mỹ, được thuần hóa trong tất cả các vùng nhiệt đới của thế giới. Ở nước ta, cây mọc khắp nơi từ Bắc vào Nam. Thường gặp trên đất hoang, dọc bờ đường, trên các dải cát của các sông và trong các ruộng khô, ở vùng thấp.

Bộ phận dùng:

Toàn cây (Herba Scopariae)

Thành phần hóa học:

Cây chứa alkaloid và một chất đắng; còn có chứa nhiều acid silicic và một hoạt chất gọi là amellin. Phần trên mặt đất có chứa một chất dầu sền sệt mà trong thành phần có dulciol, scopariol, (+)manitol, glucose. Rễ chứa (+)manitol, tannin, alkaloid, triterpenoids: friedelin, glutinol-a-amarin, acid betulinic, acid dulcinic, acid iflaionic, scoparic A, B, C, D scopadulcic (A: R = COOH, R’ = CH2OH; B: R = Me, R’ = COOH).

Tác dụng dược lý – Công dụng:

Thường dùng trị: cảm cúm, sốt, nóng nhiều, ho khan, ho có đàm. Lỵ trực trùng. Tê phù, phù thủng, giảm niệu. Dùng ngoài, ép lấy dịch từ cây tươi trị mụn nhọt, lở ngứa, eczema. Hoạt chất amellin dùng điều trị bệnh đái đường, thiếu máu, albumin niệu, ceton niệu, viêm võng mạc, những biến chứng kèm theo đái đường và làm các vết thương mau lành. Rễ trị đau bụng, kiết, lợi tiểu; thân trị ho, sốt, giải độc, trị kinh nguyệt nhiều hay đau, giúp sinh dễ; lá bổ, làm cường tráng dục tính, trị sạn, trị viêm phế quản.

**** caythuoc.chothuoc24h.com/cay-thuoc/C/1695/

Cam thảo đất, Cam thảo nam – Scoparia dulcis L., thuộc họ Hoa mõm sói – Scrophulariaceae.

Mô tả: Cây thảo mọc thẳng đứng, cao 30-80cm, có thân nhẵn hoá gỗ ở gốc và rễ to hình trụ. Lá đơn mọc đối hay mọc vòng ba lá một, phiến lá hình mác hay hình trứng có ít răng cưa ở nửa trên, không lông. Hoa nhỏ, màu trắng, mọc riêng lẻ hay thành từng đôi ở nách lá. Quả nang nhỏ chứa nhiều hạt.

Ra hoa quả vào tháng 5-7.

Bộ phận dùng: Toàn cây – Herba Scopariae.

Nơi sống và thu hái: Loài liên nhiệt đới mọc khắp nơi ở đất hoang ven các đường đi, bờ ruộng. Có thể trồng bằng hạt vào mùa xuân. Vào mùa xuân hè, thu hái toàn cây rửa sạch, thái nhỏ dùng tươi hoặc phơi hay sấy khô để dùng dần.

Thành phần hóa học: Cây chứa một alcaloid và một chất đắng; còn có nhiều acid silicic và một hoạt chất gọi là amellin. Phần cây trên mặt đất chứa một chất dầu sền sệt, mà trong thành phần có dulciol, scopariol, (+) manitol, glucose. Rễ chứa (+) manitol, tanin, alcaloid, một hợp chất triterpen. Vỏ rễ chứa hexcoxinol, b-sitosterol và (+) manitol.

Tính vị, tác dụng: Cam thảo đất có vị ngọt, tính mát; có tác dụng bổ tỳ, nhuận phế, thanh nhiệt, giải độc và lợi tiểu.

Amellin trong cây là một chất chống bệnh đái đường, dùng uống làm giảm đường – huyết và các triệu chứng của bệnh đái đường và tăng hồng cầu. Nó cũng ngăn cản sự tiêu hao mô và dẫn đến sự tiêu thụ tốt hơn protein trong chế độ ăn, làm giảm mỡ trong mô mỡ và thúc đẩy quá trình hàn liền vết thương.

Công dụng, chỉ định và phối hợp: Thường dùng trị: 1. Cảm cúm, sốt, nóng nhiều, ho khan, ho có đờm; 2. Lỵ trực tràng; 3. Tê phù, phù thũng, giảm niệu. Liều dùng 8-12g khô hoặc 20-40g tươi, dạng thuốc sắc. Để tươi chữa ho khan; sao thơm chữa ho đờm và tiêu sưng. Dùng ngoài, ép lấy dịch từ cây tươi trị mụn nhọt, lở ngứa, eczema.

Nước hãm lá Cam thảo đất dùng làm thuốc súc miệng và ngậm chữa đau răng. Hoạt chất amellin dùng điều trị bệnh đái đường, thiếu máu, albumin niệu, ceton niệu, viêm võng mạc, những biến chứng kèm theo đái đường và làm các vết thương mau lành.

Có thể dùng thay Cam thảo để chữa sốt, say sắn, giải độc cơ thể.

Đơn thuốc:

1. Lỵ trực trùng: Cam thảo đất, Rau má, lá Rau muống, Địa liền, mỗi vị 30g, sắc uống.

2. Cảm cúm, nóng ho: Cam thảo đất tươi 30g, Diếp cá 15g, Bạc hà 9g, sắc uống. Có thể phối hợp với Rau má, Cỏ tranh, Sài hồ nam, Mạn kinh, Kim ngân, Kinh giới.

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**** plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=Scdu3

**** www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/cropfactsheets/scoparia.html

**** www.tropilab.com/sweet-broom.html

**** en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scoparia_dulcis

**** ayurvedicmedicinalplants.com/index.php?option=com_zoom&am…

**** www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16595962

Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2006 Apr;54(4):546-9.

Chemical and biological evaluation on scopadulane-type diterpenoids from Scoparia dulcis of Vietnamese origin.

Phan MG, Phan TS, Matsunami K, Otsuka H.

Source

Faculty of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Abstract

From the aerial parts of Scoparia dulcis L. (Scrophulariaceae) grown in Vietnam, four scopadulane-type diterpenoids (4-7), of which 7 is new and was given the trivial name scopadulcic acid C, together with nine known compounds were isolated. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configurations of 4-7 were ascertained by applying the modified Mosher’s method to iso-dulcinol (6). The isolation of the lignans nirtetralin and niranthin for the first time from S. dulcis is also of chemotaxonomic interest. The cytotoxic activity in KB cells, inhibitory effect on LPS/IFNgamma-induced NO production, inhibition of multidrug resistance (MDR), and antibacterial and antifungal activities of the scopadulane-type diterpenoids 4-7 were examined in this study.

PMID: 16595962 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Free full text

**** www.stuartxchange.org/Malaanis.html

Botany:

· Erect, much branched, smooth, herbaceous, or half-woody plant 25 to 80 cm in height.

· Leaves: opposite and whorled, lanceolate to elliptic or oblanceolate, 0.5 to 2 cm long, pointed at both ends and narrowed below the short stalk, and toothed in the margins.

· Flowers: while, small, very numerous, and in pairs; their stalks slender, and 1 cm long or less. Sepals 4 or 5, imbricate, corolla rotate, 4-fid, the throat bearded, lobes subequal, white stamens 4, subequal.

Distribution

Ubiquitouos weedIn throughout the settled areas in low to medium altitudes; along roadsides, sides of ditches, and other more or less shaded and moist places.

Parts utilized:

· Whole plant.

· Collected from April to June.

· Wash, cut into pieces, dry under the sun.

Properties and Constituents

• Sweet and has cooling nature.

• Considered antipyretic, diuretic, analgesic, antiinflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial,

• Considered by some as aphrodisiac.

Constituents

• Study yielded diterpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, triterpenes, hexaconasol, b-sitosterol, ketone, dulcitone and amellin.

• Triterpene and mannitol isolated from the roots; dulcitol from aerial parts. (Source)

• Phytochemical studies revealed acacetin, amellin, amyrin, apigenin, benzoxazin, benzoxalinone, betulinic acid, daucosterol, dulcidion . . among others. Also isolated were a flavone glycoside and a diterpene. (source)

Uses

Folkloric

· Cold and fever, enteritis, diarrhea, beriberi, edema, difficulty in urination: Use decoction of 15 to 30 gms dried material.

· Miliaria: Rub the squeezed juice from fresh plant.

· In India, China and Southeast Asia, used for pain, fever, dysentery, diarrhea, cough, bronchitis, hypertension, piles and insect bites.

· In Vietnam, used for snakebites and antidote for cassava intoxication. Also, for pimples, impetigo, ulcers and eczema.

· In India, used for gonorrhea, to induce labor, and diabetes.

· In China, used for herpes.

· In Burma and India, herb infusion used as mouthwash for infected gums.

· In Brazilian folk medicine, used for bronchitis, gastric disorders, hemorrhoids, insect bites, skin wounds..

Others

· In Trinidad’s santowah ceremony, sweetbroom is used to sprinkle holy water.

Studies

• Antioxidant: (1) Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Scoparia dulcis Extract: Study showed strong antioxidant acitivity corresponding to the reduction of hydroxyl radical generation, a possible rationale for the weeds observed therapeutic effects. (2) Study showed significant decrease in TBARS and hyperperoxides formation in the brain of rats suggesting a role in protection against lipid peroxidation induced membrane damage. Results suggest, in addition to its antidiabetic effect, SD possess antioxidant potential.

• Antihyperglycemic / Anti-Diabetes: (1)Effect of an aqueous extract of Scoparia dulcis on blood glucose, plasma insulin and some polyol pathway enzymes in experimental rat diabetes: Study showed SD was effective in attenuating hyperglycemia in rats, possibly due to the decreased influx of glucoxe into the polyol pathway with increased activities of antioxidant enzymes and plasma insulin and decreased activity of sorbitol dehydrogenase. (2) Study showed the aqueous extract of Scoparia dulcis exhibited antihyperglycemic effect by attenuating biochemical alterations in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

• Cytoprotective / Insulin-Secretagogue Activity: Study showed significant decrease in blood glucose with significantly increased plasma insulin level with use of aqueous extract of S dulcis in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Other results showed its insulin secretagogue activity and protection against STZ-mediated cytotoxicity. The glucose lowering effect was associated with potentiation of insulin release from the pancreatic islets.

• Anti-Ulcer: Study showed water extracts of S dulcis showed dose-dependent inhibition of indomethacin-induced gastric damage in rats validating its use in traditional medicine as an antacid and anti-ulcer agent.

• Antioxidant: Protective role of Scoparia dulcis plant extract on brain antioxidant status and lipidperoxidation in STZ diabetic male Wistar rats. Study showed levels of peroxidation markers in the brain were significantly a role in protection against lipidperoxidation-induced membrane damage.

• Antimicrobial / Antifungal: Phytochemical and antimicrobial study of an antidiabetic plant: Scoparia dulcis L.: Study of isolated fractions showed significant antimicrobial and antifungal activity against all tested organisms – S typhii, S aureus, E coli, B subtilis, P aeruginosa, P vulgaris and fungal strains (C albicans, A niger and F oxysporum).

• Antitumor: Scopadulcic acid B (SDB), a tetracyclic diterpenoid isolated from S dulcis, inhibited the effects of a tumor promoter, inhibited phopholipid synthesis and suppressed the promoting effect of TPA on skin tumor formation. Its potency is stronger than other natural anti-tumor promoting terpenoids.

• Antihyperlipidemic: Effect of Scoparia dulcis (Sweet Broomweed) in Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats: Study showed antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activity in normal and experimental diabetic rats.

• NGF Activity: Acetylated Flavonoid Glycosides Potentiating NGF Action from Scoparia dulcis: Three new acetylated flavonoid glycosides were isolated, two of which showed enhancing activity of nerve growth factor-mediated neurite outgrowth.

• Cytotoxicity: Study isolated four new diterpenes. Crude extracts and pure diterpenes suggested cytotoxicty.

• Beta-glucoronidase Inhibitor: Study isolated three labdane-type diterpene acids: scoparic acid A, B and C. Scoporic acid A was found to be a potent beta-glucoronidase inhibitor.

• Hepatoprotective / Antioxidant: Study isolated showed the hydroalcoholic extract of S dulcis exhibits significant hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats, an activity attributed to free radical scavenging activity.

• Anti-Trypanosomal Immunosuppression / Immunological Boosting: Previous findings suggest T. brucei is immunosuppressive. Study showed Scoparia dulcis provides a measure of immunological boost during experimental T. brucei infection in rabbits.

• Sympathomimetic Effects / Catecholamines: Study yielded both noradrenaline and adrenaline in the plant extract. The catecholamines may be responsible for the hypertensive and inotropic effects after parenteral administration of S dulcis extracts.

• Anti-Urolithiasis: Study investigating the inhibition of calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate mineralization by five medicinal plants – A aspera, P leschenaultii, S amplexicaulis, Scoparia dulcis and A lanata – showed that increased intake of the fruit juices and seed extracts of the test plants would be helpful in urinary stone prophylaxis. The sequestering of the insoluble calcium salts by the fruit juices may be due to single or mixed ligand chelation by the hydroxyl acids present in them.

• Anti-Inflammatory / Analgesic: Study results indicate that the extract of S dulcis possess analgesic effects probably related to its antiinflammatory activity, effects probably attributable to the presence of glutinol and flavonoids.

Availability

Wild-crafted.

Powders, extracts in the cybermarket.

**** www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15549711

J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2004;18(5):261-72.

Scoparia dulcis, a traditional antidiabetic plant, protects against streptozotocin induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo.

Latha M, Pari L, Sitasawad S, Bhonde R.

Source

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.

Abstract

Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. The experiments were performed on normal and experimental male Wistar rats treated with Scoparia dulcis plant extract (SPEt). The effect of SPEt was tested on streptozotocin (STZ) treated Rat insulinoma cell lines (RINm5F cells) and isolated islets in vitro. Administration of an aqueous extract of Scoparia dulcis by intragastric intubation (po) at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight significantly decreased the blood glucose and lipid peroxidative marker thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) with significant increase in the activities of plasma insulin, pancreatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) in streptozotocin diabetic rats at the end of 15 days treatment. Streptozotocin at a dose of 10 mug/mL evoked 6-fold stimulation of insulin secretion from isolated islets indicating its insulin secretagogue activity. The extract markedly reduced the STZ-induced lipidperoxidation in RINm5F cells. Further, SPEt protected STZ-mediated cytotoxicity and nitric oxide (NO) production in RINm5F cells. Treatment of RINm5F cells with 5 mM STZ and 10 mug of SPEt completely abrogated apoptosis induced by STZ, suggesting the involvement of oxidative stress. Flow cytometric assessment on the level of intracellular peroxides using fluorescent probe 2’7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) confirmed that STZ (46%) induced an intracellular oxidative stress in RINm5F cells, which was suppressed by SPEt (21%). In addition, SPEt also reduced (33%) the STZ-induced apoptosis (72%) in RINm5F cells indicating the mode of protection of SPEt on RIN m5Fcells, islets, and pancreatic beta-cell mass (histopathological observations). Present study thus confirms antihyperglycemic effect of SPEt and also demonstrated the consistently strong antioxidant properties of Scoparia dulcis used in the traditional medicine.

(c) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Broomweed, Mithi Pathi, Licorice weed, Zhu zai cao, Scoparia dulcis ....Cam Thảo Nam, Cam Thảo đất ....#8