Monkey Bush, Indian Mallow, Abutilon indicum....Cối Xay, Giằng Xay...#6

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Monkey Bush, Indian Mallow, Abutilon indicum….Cối Xay, Giằng Xay…#6


Image by Vietnam Plants & The USA. plants

Chụp ngày 19 – 12 – 2010 tại Đức Hòa, Long An , thuộc miền Nam Việt Nam.

Taken on December 19, 2012 in Duc Hoa, Long An, Southern Vietnam.

Vietnamese named : Cối Xay, Giằng Xay.

Common names : Monkey Bush,Indian Mallow, Chinese Bell flower

Scientist name : Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet .

Synonyms : .Abutilon badium Hus. & Baq., Sida indica Linn. , Sida populifolia Lamk. .

Family : Malvaceae – Mallow family

Group : Dicot

Duration : Perennial

Growth Habit : Subshrub – Shrub

Kingdom : Plantae – Plants

Subkingdom : Tracheobionta – Vascular plants

Superdivision : Spermatophyta – Seed plants

Division : Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants

Class : Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons

Subclass : Dilleniidae

Order : Malvales

Genus : Abutilon Mill. – Indian mallow

Species : Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet – monkeybush

**** www.uphcm.edu.vn/caythuoc/index.php?q=node/126

**** thuocdongduoc.vn/cay-thuoc-vi-thuoc/278-cay-thuoc-vi-thuo…

**** www.lrc-hueuni.edu.vn/dongy/show_target.plx?url=/thuocdon…

Cối xay, Giằng xay – Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet, thuộc họ Bông – Malvaceae.

Mô tả: Cây nhỏ sống hàng năm hay lâu năm, mọc thành bụi, cao 1-2m, có lông mềm trên toàn thân và các bộ phận của cây. Lá mọc so le, hình tim, mép khía răng. Hoa vàng, mọc ở nách lá, có cuống dài bằng cuống lá. Quả gồm tới 20 lá noãn dính nhau nom như cái cối xay lúa. Hạt hình thận, nhẵn, màu đen nhạt.

Mùa hoa quả tháng 2-6.

Bộ phận dùng: Toàn cây – Herba Abutili Indici

Nơi sống và thu hái: Loài cây của vùng Ấn Độ – Malaixia, mọc hoang khắp nơi và cũng được trồng làm thuốc. Nhân giống bằng hạt vào đầu mùa mưa. Thu hái cây vào mùa hè thu, đem phơi hay sấy khô; có thể tán thành bột để dùng dần.

Thành phần hoá học: Lá chứa nhiều chất nhầy và asparagin. Cây chứa tinh dầu với các thành phần là b-pinen, caryophyllen oxyd, cineol, geraniol, geranyl acetat, alemen, eudesmol, farnesol, borneol. Hạt chứa raffinose 1,6% và dầu nửa khô 4,21% gồm chủ yếu là glycerid của các acid linoleic, oleic, palmitic, stearic. Rễ chứa dầu béo, b- sitosterol, b-amyrin và một alcaloid chưa xác định.

Tính vị, tác dụng: Cối xay có vị hơi ngọt, tính bình; có tác dụng thanh nhiệt, giải độc, long đờm và lợi tiểu. Lá có nhiều chất nhầy dịu kích thích. Vỏ làm se và lợi tiểu. Hạt có tác dụng kích dục, nhuận tràng và làm dịu kích thích. Nước hãm rễ có thể giảm sốt.

Công dụng, chỉ định và phối hợp Thường được dùng trị 1. Sổ mũi; sốt cao, đau đầu dữ dội, viêm tuyến mang tai truyền nhiễm; 2. Tật điếc, ù tai, đau tai; 3. Lao phổi; 4. Giảm niệu (tiểu tiện vàng, đỏ hoặc đái dắt, đái buốt). Liều dùng 15-30g toàn cây, hoặc 6-16g lá, 2-4g hạt; dạng thuốc sắc. Lá khô nấu nước uống chữa cảm sốt, nhức đầu, bí tiểu tiện, thường phối hợp với Rau má, Bời lời nhớt, mỗi thứ 20g, Phèn phi 2g. Để chữa vàng da, hậu sản thì phối hợp với Nhân trần và lá Cách. Lá tươi và hạt 8-12g giã nát, thêm nước uống, bã đắp chữa mụn nhọt, rắn cắn. Rễ ngâm giấm uống trị bệnh kinh phong (40g rễ trong 1 lít giấm thanh, mỗi lần dùng một thìa xúp).

Đơn thuốc:

1. Đau tai, tật điếc: Cối xay 60g hoặc 20-30g quả, nấu với thịt lợn mà ăn. Đối với tật điếc, dùng rễ Cối xay, Mộc hương, Vọng giang nam, mỗi vị 60g, nấu với đuôi lợn mà ăn.

2. Sau khi đẻ phù thũng: Lá Cối xay 30g, ích mẫu 20g sắc uống.

3. Kiết lỵ hay mắt cá màng mộng: Quả Cối xay, hoa Mào gà mỗi vị 30g, sắc uống.

Chú ý: Người có thận hư hàn23q1, tiểu tiện nhiều và trong, ỉa chảy không nên dùng. Phụ nữ có thai dùng phải cẩn thận.

________________________________________________________________

**** plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ABIN3

^^^^ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abutilon_indicum

**** ayurvedicmedicinalplants.com/index.php?option=com_zoom&am…

**** www.globinmed.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=a…

***** www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=2…

***** www.stuartxchange.org/Malbas.html

Botany

Malbas is a half-woody, branched, erect shrub, 0.5 to 2 meters high. Leaves are green and toothed, orbicular-ovate to broadly ovate, 5 to 12 centimeters long and nearly as wide, with a prominently heart-shaped base and pointed apex, the margins entire or irregularly toothed. Flowers are yellow, 2 to 2.5 centimeters, solitary, borne in the axils of the leaves, and opens in the evening. Fruits is a rounded capsule, 1.5 to 2 centimeters in diameter, with 15 to 20 somewhat hairy, shortly awned carpels.

Distribution

- Throughout the Philippines in thickets and waste places in and about towns at low and medium altitudes.

- A common garden plant.

- Certainly introduced.

- Now pantropic.

Constituents

- Leaves contain a mucilage, tannin, organic acid, traces of asparagin, and ash which contains alkaline sulfates, chlorides, magnesium, phosphate, and calcium carbonate.

- Roots also contain asparagin.

- Study yielded two new compounds: abutilin A and (R)-N-(1′-methoxycarbonyl-2′-phenylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzamide plus 28 known compounds.

Properties

- Considered analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, aphrodisiac, astringent, demulcent, digestive, diuretic, expectorant, laxative.

- Leaves considered stomachic and antiperiodic.

Parts used

Whole plant.

Uses

Folkloric

- In the Philippines, decoction of leaves usd for cleansing wounds and ulcers.

- Decoction of leaves also used as enemas or vaginal injections.

- Leaves used as emollient decoction, used by Filipinos as demulcent, diuretic, sedative, and aphrodisiac.

- Plant leaves are demulcent; given as decoction for bronchitis, bilious diarrhea, gonorrhea, bladder inflammation, urethritis and fevers. Decoction also for fomentation over aching body parts for its emollient benefits.

- Bark is astringent and diuretic.

- Seeds are demulcent, laxative, expectorant and aphrodisiac; useful for gonorrhea and cystitis.

In China, used for tinnitus, deafness, earaches, fevers, hives, tuberculosis, weeping ulcers; as diuretic.

In India, used for coughs and fevers, body aches, hemorrhoids, gonorrhea, bronchitis, dysuria, diabetes, dysmenorrhea, diarrhea, boils and skin ulcers. Bark and root used as diuretic.

- Infusion of root used to relieve strangury and hematuria; also used for leprosy.

- Infusion of leaves and roots used as cooling medicine in fevers.

- Decoction of leaves used as mouthwash in toothache and tender gums; also used in gonorrhea and bladder inflammation.

- Flowers and leaves applied locally to boils and ulcers.

- Decoction of leaves yield a mucilage to hot water and used as fomentation for painful parts.

- Decoction of seeds used for piles and wounds. Also used for gonorrhea, gleet, and chronic cystitis.

- Seeds burnt on charcoal, and the recta of threadworm affected children are exposed to the smoke.

- In Indo-China, the young flowers and seeds are used as diuretic, emollient, and tonic.

Studies

• Hepatoprotective: The aqueous extract of AI exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity by reducing CCL4 and paracetamol-induced changes. The extract may interfere with free-radical formation which may be responsible for the hepatoprotective action.

• Larvicidal: Isolation and identification of mosquito larvicidal compound from Abutilon indicum (Linn.) Sweet: Study showed the petroleum extract of A indicum may be a potent source of ß-sitosterol as a new natural mosquito larvicidal agent.

• Wound Healing: PHCOG MAG.: Research Article Wound Healing activity of Abutilon Indicum: Study showed wound healing activity which may be due to increase in collagenation deposition, better alignment and maturation.

• Diabetes: (1) Extracts of leaves showed significant hypoglycemic effect in rat study. (2) Study showed aqueous extract of A indicum has antidiabetic properties evidenced by inhibition of glucose absorption and stimulation of insulin secretion. Phytochemical studies yielded alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides and saponins that could account for the pharmacologic effects.

• Analgesic: (1) Analgesic principle from Abutilon indicum: Eugenol, isolated from AI, was found to possess significant analgesic activity. (2) Study showed the extracts of A. indicum possess significant dose-dependent peripherally acting analgesic activity with a feeble centrally acting analgesic effect. (3) Study root extracts showed analgesic activity. The mechanism was attributed to a central mechanism or a peripheral analgesic mechanism.

• Antimycotic Activity: Methanolic extract of leaves of Abutilon indicum shows remarkable antifungal activity against Tricophyton rubrum and suggests further studies for possible therapeutic use.

• Lipid-Lowering Activity: The ethanolic and water extract of A indicum inhibited the elevation in serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in rats and an increase in HDL lipoproteins in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Comparatively, atorvastatin and gemfibrozil showed slightly better effects.

• Anti-Inflammatory Activity: Study of extracts of leaves of Abutilon indicum showed a biphasic effect on membrane stabilization, a measure of antiinflammatory activity comparable to standard drug diclofenac sodium.

• Anti-Diabetes / Insulin Resistance: Study results suggest that the extract of A. indicum may be beneficial for reducing insulin resistance through its potency in regulating adiposity differentiation and by increasing glucose utilization.

• Immunomodulatory: Study on the immunomodulatory activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of leaves of AI on albino mice demonstrates it triggers both specific and non-specific immunological responses. Its immunostimulant effect could be attributed to the flavonoid content.

• Bronchial Asthma / Mast Cell Stabilizing Effect: Study showed A indicum’s possible mechanism of action in the treatment of bronchial asthma may be due to its mast cell stabilizing and anti-inflammatory effect.

• Cytotoxic / Antimicrobial: Study of the crude methanolic extract of leaf of Abutilon indicum showed promising cytotoxic activity and the carbon tetrachloride extract showed mild to moderate antimicrobial activity.

• Antioxidant / Radical Scavenging Activity: Study showed dose-dependent antioxidant and radical scavenging activity in the extracts of both A indicum and A muticum.

• Analgesic / Antiinflammatory: Study showed both analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. In both the activity of the methanol and aqueous extract was more than the other extracts.

• Antibacterial: Extracts of Abutilon indicum was tested against for antibacterial activity. The highest antibacterial potentials were observed against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumonia.

Availability

Wild-crafted.

Powders and extracts in the cybermarket.

Monkey Bush, Indian Mallow, Abutilon indicum….Cối Xay, Giằng Xay…#4


Image by Vietnam Plants & The USA. plants

Chụp ngày 19 – 12 – 2010 tại Đức Hòa, Long An , thuộc miền Nam Việt Nam.

Taken on December 19, 2012 in Duc Hoa, Long An, Southern Vietnam.

Vietnamese named : Cối Xay, Giằng Xay.

Common names : Monkey Bush,Indian Mallow, Chinese Bell flower

Scientist name : Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet .

Synonyms : .Abutilon badium Hus. & Baq., Sida indica Linn. , Sida populifolia Lamk. .

Family : Malvaceae – Mallow family

Group : Dicot

Duration : Perennial

Growth Habit : Subshrub – Shrub

Kingdom : Plantae – Plants

Subkingdom : Tracheobionta – Vascular plants

Superdivision : Spermatophyta – Seed plants

Division : Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants

Class : Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons

Subclass : Dilleniidae

Order : Malvales

Genus : Abutilon Mill. – Indian mallow

Species : Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet – monkeybush

**** www.uphcm.edu.vn/caythuoc/index.php?q=node/126

**** thuocdongduoc.vn/cay-thuoc-vi-thuoc/278-cay-thuoc-vi-thuo…

**** www.lrc-hueuni.edu.vn/dongy/show_target.plx?url=/thuocdon…

Cối xay, Giằng xay – Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet, thuộc họ Bông – Malvaceae.

Mô tả: Cây nhỏ sống hàng năm hay lâu năm, mọc thành bụi, cao 1-2m, có lông mềm trên toàn thân và các bộ phận của cây. Lá mọc so le, hình tim, mép khía răng. Hoa vàng, mọc ở nách lá, có cuống dài bằng cuống lá. Quả gồm tới 20 lá noãn dính nhau nom như cái cối xay lúa. Hạt hình thận, nhẵn, màu đen nhạt.

Mùa hoa quả tháng 2-6.

Bộ phận dùng: Toàn cây – Herba Abutili Indici

Nơi sống và thu hái: Loài cây của vùng Ấn Độ – Malaixia, mọc hoang khắp nơi và cũng được trồng làm thuốc. Nhân giống bằng hạt vào đầu mùa mưa. Thu hái cây vào mùa hè thu, đem phơi hay sấy khô; có thể tán thành bột để dùng dần.

Thành phần hoá học: Lá chứa nhiều chất nhầy và asparagin. Cây chứa tinh dầu với các thành phần là b-pinen, caryophyllen oxyd, cineol, geraniol, geranyl acetat, alemen, eudesmol, farnesol, borneol. Hạt chứa raffinose 1,6% và dầu nửa khô 4,21% gồm chủ yếu là glycerid của các acid linoleic, oleic, palmitic, stearic. Rễ chứa dầu béo, b- sitosterol, b-amyrin và một alcaloid chưa xác định.

Tính vị, tác dụng: Cối xay có vị hơi ngọt, tính bình; có tác dụng thanh nhiệt, giải độc, long đờm và lợi tiểu. Lá có nhiều chất nhầy dịu kích thích. Vỏ làm se và lợi tiểu. Hạt có tác dụng kích dục, nhuận tràng và làm dịu kích thích. Nước hãm rễ có thể giảm sốt.

Công dụng, chỉ định và phối hợp Thường được dùng trị 1. Sổ mũi; sốt cao, đau đầu dữ dội, viêm tuyến mang tai truyền nhiễm; 2. Tật điếc, ù tai, đau tai; 3. Lao phổi; 4. Giảm niệu (tiểu tiện vàng, đỏ hoặc đái dắt, đái buốt). Liều dùng 15-30g toàn cây, hoặc 6-16g lá, 2-4g hạt; dạng thuốc sắc. Lá khô nấu nước uống chữa cảm sốt, nhức đầu, bí tiểu tiện, thường phối hợp với Rau má, Bời lời nhớt, mỗi thứ 20g, Phèn phi 2g. Để chữa vàng da, hậu sản thì phối hợp với Nhân trần và lá Cách. Lá tươi và hạt 8-12g giã nát, thêm nước uống, bã đắp chữa mụn nhọt, rắn cắn. Rễ ngâm giấm uống trị bệnh kinh phong (40g rễ trong 1 lít giấm thanh, mỗi lần dùng một thìa xúp).

Đơn thuốc:

1. Đau tai, tật điếc: Cối xay 60g hoặc 20-30g quả, nấu với thịt lợn mà ăn. Đối với tật điếc, dùng rễ Cối xay, Mộc hương, Vọng giang nam, mỗi vị 60g, nấu với đuôi lợn mà ăn.

2. Sau khi đẻ phù thũng: Lá Cối xay 30g, ích mẫu 20g sắc uống.

3. Kiết lỵ hay mắt cá màng mộng: Quả Cối xay, hoa Mào gà mỗi vị 30g, sắc uống.

Chú ý: Người có thận hư hàn23q1, tiểu tiện nhiều và trong, ỉa chảy không nên dùng. Phụ nữ có thai dùng phải cẩn thận.

________________________________________________________________

**** plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ABIN3

^^^^ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abutilon_indicum

**** ayurvedicmedicinalplants.com/index.php?option=com_zoom&am…

**** www.globinmed.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=a…

***** www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=2…

***** www.stuartxchange.org/Malbas.html

Botany

Malbas is a half-woody, branched, erect shrub, 0.5 to 2 meters high. Leaves are green and toothed, orbicular-ovate to broadly ovate, 5 to 12 centimeters long and nearly as wide, with a prominently heart-shaped base and pointed apex, the margins entire or irregularly toothed. Flowers are yellow, 2 to 2.5 centimeters, solitary, borne in the axils of the leaves, and opens in the evening. Fruits is a rounded capsule, 1.5 to 2 centimeters in diameter, with 15 to 20 somewhat hairy, shortly awned carpels.

Distribution

- Throughout the Philippines in thickets and waste places in and about towns at low and medium altitudes.

- A common garden plant.

- Certainly introduced.

- Now pantropic.

Constituents

- Leaves contain a mucilage, tannin, organic acid, traces of asparagin, and ash which contains alkaline sulfates, chlorides, magnesium, phosphate, and calcium carbonate.

- Roots also contain asparagin.

- Study yielded two new compounds: abutilin A and (R)-N-(1′-methoxycarbonyl-2′-phenylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzamide plus 28 known compounds.

Properties

- Considered analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, aphrodisiac, astringent, demulcent, digestive, diuretic, expectorant, laxative.

- Leaves considered stomachic and antiperiodic.

Parts used

Whole plant.

Uses

Folkloric

- In the Philippines, decoction of leaves usd for cleansing wounds and ulcers.

- Decoction of leaves also used as enemas or vaginal injections.

- Leaves used as emollient decoction, used by Filipinos as demulcent, diuretic, sedative, and aphrodisiac.

- Plant leaves are demulcent; given as decoction for bronchitis, bilious diarrhea, gonorrhea, bladder inflammation, urethritis and fevers. Decoction also for fomentation over aching body parts for its emollient benefits.

- Bark is astringent and diuretic.

- Seeds are demulcent, laxative, expectorant and aphrodisiac; useful for gonorrhea and cystitis.

In China, used for tinnitus, deafness, earaches, fevers, hives, tuberculosis, weeping ulcers; as diuretic.

In India, used for coughs and fevers, body aches, hemorrhoids, gonorrhea, bronchitis, dysuria, diabetes, dysmenorrhea, diarrhea, boils and skin ulcers. Bark and root used as diuretic.

- Infusion of root used to relieve strangury and hematuria; also used for leprosy.

- Infusion of leaves and roots used as cooling medicine in fevers.

- Decoction of leaves used as mouthwash in toothache and tender gums; also used in gonorrhea and bladder inflammation.

- Flowers and leaves applied locally to boils and ulcers.

- Decoction of leaves yield a mucilage to hot water and used as fomentation for painful parts.

- Decoction of seeds used for piles and wounds. Also used for gonorrhea, gleet, and chronic cystitis.

- Seeds burnt on charcoal, and the recta of threadworm affected children are exposed to the smoke.

- In Indo-China, the young flowers and seeds are used as diuretic, emollient, and tonic.

Studies

• Hepatoprotective: The aqueous extract of AI exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity by reducing CCL4 and paracetamol-induced changes. The extract may interfere with free-radical formation which may be responsible for the hepatoprotective action.

• Larvicidal: Isolation and identification of mosquito larvicidal compound from Abutilon indicum (Linn.) Sweet: Study showed the petroleum extract of A indicum may be a potent source of ß-sitosterol as a new natural mosquito larvicidal agent.

• Wound Healing: PHCOG MAG.: Research Article Wound Healing activity of Abutilon Indicum: Study showed wound healing activity which may be due to increase in collagenation deposition, better alignment and maturation.

• Diabetes: (1) Extracts of leaves showed significant hypoglycemic effect in rat study. (2) Study showed aqueous extract of A indicum has antidiabetic properties evidenced by inhibition of glucose absorption and stimulation of insulin secretion. Phytochemical studies yielded alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides and saponins that could account for the pharmacologic effects.

• Analgesic: (1) Analgesic principle from Abutilon indicum: Eugenol, isolated from AI, was found to possess significant analgesic activity. (2) Study showed the extracts of A. indicum possess significant dose-dependent peripherally acting analgesic activity with a feeble centrally acting analgesic effect. (3) Study root extracts showed analgesic activity. The mechanism was attributed to a central mechanism or a peripheral analgesic mechanism.

• Antimycotic Activity: Methanolic extract of leaves of Abutilon indicum shows remarkable antifungal activity against Tricophyton rubrum and suggests further studies for possible therapeutic use.

• Lipid-Lowering Activity: The ethanolic and water extract of A indicum inhibited the elevation in serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in rats and an increase in HDL lipoproteins in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Comparatively, atorvastatin and gemfibrozil showed slightly better effects.

• Anti-Inflammatory Activity: Study of extracts of leaves of Abutilon indicum showed a biphasic effect on membrane stabilization, a measure of antiinflammatory activity comparable to standard drug diclofenac sodium.

• Anti-Diabetes / Insulin Resistance: Study results suggest that the extract of A. indicum may be beneficial for reducing insulin resistance through its potency in regulating adiposity differentiation and by increasing glucose utilization.

• Immunomodulatory: Study on the immunomodulatory activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of leaves of AI on albino mice demonstrates it triggers both specific and non-specific immunological responses. Its immunostimulant effect could be attributed to the flavonoid content.

• Bronchial Asthma / Mast Cell Stabilizing Effect: Study showed A indicum’s possible mechanism of action in the treatment of bronchial asthma may be due to its mast cell stabilizing and anti-inflammatory effect.

• Cytotoxic / Antimicrobial: Study of the crude methanolic extract of leaf of Abutilon indicum showed promising cytotoxic activity and the carbon tetrachloride extract showed mild to moderate antimicrobial activity.

• Antioxidant / Radical Scavenging Activity: Study showed dose-dependent antioxidant and radical scavenging activity in the extracts of both A indicum and A muticum.

• Analgesic / Antiinflammatory: Study showed both analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. In both the activity of the methanol and aqueous extract was more than the other extracts.

• Antibacterial: Extracts of Abutilon indicum was tested against for antibacterial activity. The highest antibacterial potentials were observed against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumonia.

Availability

Wild-crafted.

Powders and extracts in the cybermarket.

Monkey Bush, Indian Mallow, Abutilon indicum….Cối Xay, Giằng Xay…#5


Image by Vietnam Plants & The USA. plants

Chụp ngày 19 – 12 – 2010 tại Đức Hòa, Long An , thuộc miền Nam Việt Nam.

Taken on December 19, 2012 in Duc Hoa, Long An, Southern Vietnam.

Vietnamese named : Cối Xay, Giằng Xay.

Common names : Monkey Bush,Indian Mallow, Chinese Bell flower

Scientist name : Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet .

Synonyms : .Abutilon badium Hus. & Baq., Sida indica Linn. , Sida populifolia Lamk. .

Family : Malvaceae – Mallow family

Group : Dicot

Duration : Perennial

Growth Habit : Subshrub – Shrub

Kingdom : Plantae – Plants

Subkingdom : Tracheobionta – Vascular plants

Superdivision : Spermatophyta – Seed plants

Division : Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants

Class : Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons

Subclass : Dilleniidae

Order : Malvales

Genus : Abutilon Mill. – Indian mallow

Species : Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet – monkeybush

**** www.uphcm.edu.vn/caythuoc/index.php?q=node/126

**** thuocdongduoc.vn/cay-thuoc-vi-thuoc/278-cay-thuoc-vi-thuo…

**** www.lrc-hueuni.edu.vn/dongy/show_target.plx?url=/thuocdon…

Cối xay, Giằng xay – Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet, thuộc họ Bông – Malvaceae.

Mô tả: Cây nhỏ sống hàng năm hay lâu năm, mọc thành bụi, cao 1-2m, có lông mềm trên toàn thân và các bộ phận của cây. Lá mọc so le, hình tim, mép khía răng. Hoa vàng, mọc ở nách lá, có cuống dài bằng cuống lá. Quả gồm tới 20 lá noãn dính nhau nom như cái cối xay lúa. Hạt hình thận, nhẵn, màu đen nhạt.

Mùa hoa quả tháng 2-6.

Bộ phận dùng: Toàn cây – Herba Abutili Indici

Nơi sống và thu hái: Loài cây của vùng Ấn Độ – Malaixia, mọc hoang khắp nơi và cũng được trồng làm thuốc. Nhân giống bằng hạt vào đầu mùa mưa. Thu hái cây vào mùa hè thu, đem phơi hay sấy khô; có thể tán thành bột để dùng dần.

Thành phần hoá học: Lá chứa nhiều chất nhầy và asparagin. Cây chứa tinh dầu với các thành phần là b-pinen, caryophyllen oxyd, cineol, geraniol, geranyl acetat, alemen, eudesmol, farnesol, borneol. Hạt chứa raffinose 1,6% và dầu nửa khô 4,21% gồm chủ yếu là glycerid của các acid linoleic, oleic, palmitic, stearic. Rễ chứa dầu béo, b- sitosterol, b-amyrin và một alcaloid chưa xác định.

Tính vị, tác dụng: Cối xay có vị hơi ngọt, tính bình; có tác dụng thanh nhiệt, giải độc, long đờm và lợi tiểu. Lá có nhiều chất nhầy dịu kích thích. Vỏ làm se và lợi tiểu. Hạt có tác dụng kích dục, nhuận tràng và làm dịu kích thích. Nước hãm rễ có thể giảm sốt.

Công dụng, chỉ định và phối hợp Thường được dùng trị 1. Sổ mũi; sốt cao, đau đầu dữ dội, viêm tuyến mang tai truyền nhiễm; 2. Tật điếc, ù tai, đau tai; 3. Lao phổi; 4. Giảm niệu (tiểu tiện vàng, đỏ hoặc đái dắt, đái buốt). Liều dùng 15-30g toàn cây, hoặc 6-16g lá, 2-4g hạt; dạng thuốc sắc. Lá khô nấu nước uống chữa cảm sốt, nhức đầu, bí tiểu tiện, thường phối hợp với Rau má, Bời lời nhớt, mỗi thứ 20g, Phèn phi 2g. Để chữa vàng da, hậu sản thì phối hợp với Nhân trần và lá Cách. Lá tươi và hạt 8-12g giã nát, thêm nước uống, bã đắp chữa mụn nhọt, rắn cắn. Rễ ngâm giấm uống trị bệnh kinh phong (40g rễ trong 1 lít giấm thanh, mỗi lần dùng một thìa xúp).

Đơn thuốc:

1. Đau tai, tật điếc: Cối xay 60g hoặc 20-30g quả, nấu với thịt lợn mà ăn. Đối với tật điếc, dùng rễ Cối xay, Mộc hương, Vọng giang nam, mỗi vị 60g, nấu với đuôi lợn mà ăn.

2. Sau khi đẻ phù thũng: Lá Cối xay 30g, ích mẫu 20g sắc uống.

3. Kiết lỵ hay mắt cá màng mộng: Quả Cối xay, hoa Mào gà mỗi vị 30g, sắc uống.

Chú ý: Người có thận hư hàn23q1, tiểu tiện nhiều và trong, ỉa chảy không nên dùng. Phụ nữ có thai dùng phải cẩn thận.

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^^^^ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abutilon_indicum

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***** www.stuartxchange.org/Malbas.html

Botany

Malbas is a half-woody, branched, erect shrub, 0.5 to 2 meters high. Leaves are green and toothed, orbicular-ovate to broadly ovate, 5 to 12 centimeters long and nearly as wide, with a prominently heart-shaped base and pointed apex, the margins entire or irregularly toothed. Flowers are yellow, 2 to 2.5 centimeters, solitary, borne in the axils of the leaves, and opens in the evening. Fruits is a rounded capsule, 1.5 to 2 centimeters in diameter, with 15 to 20 somewhat hairy, shortly awned carpels.

Distribution

- Throughout the Philippines in thickets and waste places in and about towns at low and medium altitudes.

- A common garden plant.

- Certainly introduced.

- Now pantropic.

Constituents

- Leaves contain a mucilage, tannin, organic acid, traces of asparagin, and ash which contains alkaline sulfates, chlorides, magnesium, phosphate, and calcium carbonate.

- Roots also contain asparagin.

- Study yielded two new compounds: abutilin A and (R)-N-(1′-methoxycarbonyl-2′-phenylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzamide plus 28 known compounds.

Properties

- Considered analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, aphrodisiac, astringent, demulcent, digestive, diuretic, expectorant, laxative.

- Leaves considered stomachic and antiperiodic.

Parts used

Whole plant.

Uses

Folkloric

- In the Philippines, decoction of leaves usd for cleansing wounds and ulcers.

- Decoction of leaves also used as enemas or vaginal injections.

- Leaves used as emollient decoction, used by Filipinos as demulcent, diuretic, sedative, and aphrodisiac.

- Plant leaves are demulcent; given as decoction for bronchitis, bilious diarrhea, gonorrhea, bladder inflammation, urethritis and fevers. Decoction also for fomentation over aching body parts for its emollient benefits.

- Bark is astringent and diuretic.

- Seeds are demulcent, laxative, expectorant and aphrodisiac; useful for gonorrhea and cystitis.

In China, used for tinnitus, deafness, earaches, fevers, hives, tuberculosis, weeping ulcers; as diuretic.

In India, used for coughs and fevers, body aches, hemorrhoids, gonorrhea, bronchitis, dysuria, diabetes, dysmenorrhea, diarrhea, boils and skin ulcers. Bark and root used as diuretic.

- Infusion of root used to relieve strangury and hematuria; also used for leprosy.

- Infusion of leaves and roots used as cooling medicine in fevers.

- Decoction of leaves used as mouthwash in toothache and tender gums; also used in gonorrhea and bladder inflammation.

- Flowers and leaves applied locally to boils and ulcers.

- Decoction of leaves yield a mucilage to hot water and used as fomentation for painful parts.

- Decoction of seeds used for piles and wounds. Also used for gonorrhea, gleet, and chronic cystitis.

- Seeds burnt on charcoal, and the recta of threadworm affected children are exposed to the smoke.

- In Indo-China, the young flowers and seeds are used as diuretic, emollient, and tonic.

Studies

• Hepatoprotective: The aqueous extract of AI exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity by reducing CCL4 and paracetamol-induced changes. The extract may interfere with free-radical formation which may be responsible for the hepatoprotective action.

• Larvicidal: Isolation and identification of mosquito larvicidal compound from Abutilon indicum (Linn.) Sweet: Study showed the petroleum extract of A indicum may be a potent source of ß-sitosterol as a new natural mosquito larvicidal agent.

• Wound Healing: PHCOG MAG.: Research Article Wound Healing activity of Abutilon Indicum: Study showed wound healing activity which may be due to increase in collagenation deposition, better alignment and maturation.

• Diabetes: (1) Extracts of leaves showed significant hypoglycemic effect in rat study. (2) Study showed aqueous extract of A indicum has antidiabetic properties evidenced by inhibition of glucose absorption and stimulation of insulin secretion. Phytochemical studies yielded alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides and saponins that could account for the pharmacologic effects.

• Analgesic: (1) Analgesic principle from Abutilon indicum: Eugenol, isolated from AI, was found to possess significant analgesic activity. (2) Study showed the extracts of A. indicum possess significant dose-dependent peripherally acting analgesic activity with a feeble centrally acting analgesic effect. (3) Study root extracts showed analgesic activity. The mechanism was attributed to a central mechanism or a peripheral analgesic mechanism.

• Antimycotic Activity: Methanolic extract of leaves of Abutilon indicum shows remarkable antifungal activity against Tricophyton rubrum and suggests further studies for possible therapeutic use.

• Lipid-Lowering Activity: The ethanolic and water extract of A indicum inhibited the elevation in serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in rats and an increase in HDL lipoproteins in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Comparatively, atorvastatin and gemfibrozil showed slightly better effects.

• Anti-Inflammatory Activity: Study of extracts of leaves of Abutilon indicum showed a biphasic effect on membrane stabilization, a measure of antiinflammatory activity comparable to standard drug diclofenac sodium.

• Anti-Diabetes / Insulin Resistance: Study results suggest that the extract of A. indicum may be beneficial for reducing insulin resistance through its potency in regulating adiposity differentiation and by increasing glucose utilization.

• Immunomodulatory: Study on the immunomodulatory activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of leaves of AI on albino mice demonstrates it triggers both specific and non-specific immunological responses. Its immunostimulant effect could be attributed to the flavonoid content.

• Bronchial Asthma / Mast Cell Stabilizing Effect: Study showed A indicum’s possible mechanism of action in the treatment of bronchial asthma may be due to its mast cell stabilizing and anti-inflammatory effect.

• Cytotoxic / Antimicrobial: Study of the crude methanolic extract of leaf of Abutilon indicum showed promising cytotoxic activity and the carbon tetrachloride extract showed mild to moderate antimicrobial activity.

• Antioxidant / Radical Scavenging Activity: Study showed dose-dependent antioxidant and radical scavenging activity in the extracts of both A indicum and A muticum.

• Analgesic / Antiinflammatory: Study showed both analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. In both the activity of the methanol and aqueous extract was more than the other extracts.

• Antibacterial: Extracts of Abutilon indicum was tested against for antibacterial activity. The highest antibacterial potentials were observed against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumonia.

Availability

Wild-crafted.

Powders and extracts in the cybermarket.

Monkey Bush, Indian Mallow, Abutilon indicum....Cối Xay, Giằng Xay...#6